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Morphology, dynamics and plasma parameters of plumes and inter-plume regions in solar coronal holes

  • Review Article
  • Published:
The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review Aims and scope

Abstract

Coronal plumes, which extend from solar coronal holes (CH) into the high corona and—possibly—into the solar wind (SW), can now continuously be studied with modern telescopes and spectrometers on spacecraft, in addition to investigations from the ground, in particular, during total eclipses. Despite the large amount of data available on these prominent features and related phenomena, many questions remained unanswered as to their generation and relative contributions to the high-speed streams emanating from CHs. An understanding of the processes of plume formation and evolution requires a better knowledge of the physical conditions at the base of CHs, in plumes and in the surrounding inter-plume regions. More specifically, information is needed on the magnetic field configuration, the electron densities and temperatures, effective ion temperatures, non-thermal motions, plume cross sections relative to the size of a CH, the plasma bulk speeds, as well as any plume signatures in the SW. In spring 2007, the authors proposed a study on ‘Structure and dynamics of coronal plumes and inter-plume regions in solar coronal holes’ to the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern to clarify some of these aspects by considering relevant observations and the extensive literature. This review summarizes the results and conclusions of the study. Stereoscopic observations allowed us to include three-dimensional reconstructions of plumes. Multi-instrument investigations carried out during several campaigns led to progress in some areas, such as plasma densities, temperatures, plume structure and the relation to other solar phenomena, but not all questions could be answered concerning the details of plume generation process(es) and interaction with the SW.

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Abbreviations

AAS:

American Astronomical Society

APL:

Active region plume

AOGS:

Asia Oceania Geoscience

AR:

Active region

BP:

Bright point

CDS:

Coronal diagnostic spectrometer

CH:

Coronal hole

CHIANTI:

Atomic Database for Spectroscopic Diagnostics of Astrophysical Plasmas

DEM:

Differential emission measure

EKPol:

Liquid crystal polarimeter

EM:

Emission measure

ECH:

Equatorial coronal hole

EIS:

EUV imaging spectrometer

EIT:

EUV imaging telescope

EUV:

Extreme UV (10 nm to 120 nm)

EUVI:

Extreme UV Imager

FIP:

First-ionization potential

FIT:

First-ionization time

FOV:

Field of view

GI:

Grazing-incidence

IPR:

Inter-plume region

ISSI:

International Space Science Institute

LASCO:

Large angle and spectrometer coronagraph

LOS:

Line of sight

MDI:

Michelson Doppler imager

MHD:

Magnetohydrodynamic

MLSO:

Mauna Loa solar observatory

NI:

Normal-incidence

PL:

Coronal plume (in tables and diagrams)

PCH:

Polar coronal hole

PBS:

Pressure-balanced structure

PS:

Pseudostreamer

QS:

Quiet sun

Secchi:

Sun earth connection coronal and heliospheric investigation

SOHO:

Solar and heliospheric observatory

SW:

Solar wind

SWOOPS:

Solar wind observations over the poles of the sun

SWICS:

Solar wind ionization state and composition spectrometer

SUMER:

Solar UV measurements of emitted radiation spectrometer

SP:

Spectro-polarimeter

SOLIS:

Synoptic optical long-term investigations of the sun

SOT:

Solar optical telescope

STEREO:

Solar terrestrial relations observatory

TID:

Time-intensity diagram

TR:

Transition region

TRACE:

Transition region and coronal explorer

UV:

Ultraviolet (10 nm to 380 nm)

UVCS:

UV coronagraph spectrometer

UCS:

UV coronal spectrometer

VUV:

Vacuum UV (10 nm to 200 nm)

VHM/FGM:

Vector helium and fluxgate magnetometers

VSM:

Vector spectro-magnetograph

WL:

White light (380 nm to 760 nm)

WLC:

WL coronagraph

XRT:

X-ray telescope

3D (2.5D, 2D):

Three (two and a half, two)-dimensional

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37191, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany

    K. Wilhelm, L. Feng & L. Teriaca

  2. Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008, Nanjing, China

    L. Feng

  3. INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025, Pino Torinese, Italy

    L. Abbo & S. Giordano

  4. Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris XI, Bâtiment 121, 91405, Orsay, France

    F. Auchère, N. Barbey & A. H. Gabriel

  5. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 229-8510, Japan

    S. Imada

  6. Observatoire Astronomique de Marseille-Provence, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille Pôle de l’Étoile Site de Château-Gombert, 38, Rue Frédéric Joliot–Curie, 13388, Marseille Cedex 13, France

    A. Llebaria

  7. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 9716, USA

    W. H. Matthaeus

  8. Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, 50125, Firenze, Italy

    G. Poletto

  9. Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD, 20723-6099, USA

    N.-E. Raouafi

  10. National Space Science and Technology Center, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL, 35805, USA

    S. T. Suess

  11. Code 7672, E. O. Hulburt Center for Space Research, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375-5352, USA

    Y.-M. Wang

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  1. K. Wilhelm
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  2. L. Abbo
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  3. F. Auchère
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  5. L. Feng
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  8. S. Imada
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  9. A. Llebaria
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  10. W. H. Matthaeus
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  12. N.-E. Raouafi
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  13. S. T. Suess
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  14. L. Teriaca
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  15. Y.-M. Wang
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Correspondence to K. Wilhelm.

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Wilhelm, K., Abbo, L., Auchère, F. et al. Morphology, dynamics and plasma parameters of plumes and inter-plume regions in solar coronal holes. Astron Astrophys Rev 19, 35 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00159-011-0035-7

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