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A mutation in CsHY2 encoding a phytochromobilin (PΦB) synthase leads to an elongated hypocotyl 1(elh1) phenotype in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

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The elongated hypocotyl1 (elh1) mutant in cucumber is due to a mutation in CsHY2, which is a homolog of the Arabidopsis HY2 encoding the phytochromobilin (PΦB) synthase for phytochrome biosynthesis

Abstract

Hypocotyl length is a critical determinant in establishing high quality seedlings for successful cucumber production, but knowledge on the molecular regulation of hypocotyl growth in cucumber is very limited. Here, we reported identification and characterization of a cucumber elongated hypocotyl 1 (elh1) mutant. We found that the longer hypocotyl in elh1 was due to longitudinal growth of hypocotyl cells. With fine mapping, the elh1 locus was delimited to a 20.9-kb region containing three annotated genes; only one polymorphism was identified in this region between two parental lines, which was a non-synonymous SNP (G28153633A) in the third exon of CsHY2 (CsGy1G030000) that encodes a phytochromobilin (PΦB) synthase. Uniqueness of the mutant allele at CsHY2 was verified in natural cucumber populations. Ectopic expression of CsHY2 in Arabidopsis hy2-1 long-hypocotyl mutant led to reduced hypocotyl length. The PΦB protein was targeted to the chloroplast. The expression levels of CsHY2 and five phytochrome genes CsPHYA1, CsPHYA2, CsPHYB, CsPHYC and CsPHYE were all significantly down-regulated while several cell elongation related genes were up-regulated in elh1 mutant compared to wild-type cucumber, which are correlated with dynamic hypocotyl elongation in the mutant. RNA-seq analysis in the WT and mutant revealed differentially expressed genes involved in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolisms, cell elongation and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. This is the first report to characterize and clone the CsHY2 gene in cucumber. This work reveals the important of CsHY2 in regulating hypocotyl length and extends our understanding of the roles of CsHY2 in cucumber.

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Acknowledgements

Work in AW’s laboratory was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101900).Work in PC’s and YL’s laboratory was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Project #31860557 and 31772300, respectively. YW’s laboratory was supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative competitive grant no. 2017-67013-26195 of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China

    Liangliang Hu, Peng Liu, Zhuoshuai Jin, Jing Sun & Yuhong Li

  2. Horticulture Department, USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Yiqun Weng

  3. College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi,, China

    Peng Chen

  4. Tianjin Vegetable Research Center, Tianjin, 300192, China

    Shengli Du & Aimin Wei

  5. National Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin, 300192, China

    Shengli Du & Aimin Wei

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  1. Liangliang Hu
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  2. Peng Liu
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  3. Zhuoshuai Jin
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  4. Jing Sun
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  6. Peng Chen
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  7. Shengli Du
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  8. Aimin Wei
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  9. Yuhong Li
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Contributions

LH performed the research and prepared a draft of the manuscript. PL, ZJ and JS participated in the research. PC participated in data analysis and provided technical help. YW participated in data analysis and manuscript writing. AW and YL designed the experiments, supervised this study and wrote the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Aimin Wei or Yuhong Li.

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Hu, L., Liu, P., Jin, Z. et al. A mutation in CsHY2 encoding a phytochromobilin (PΦB) synthase leads to an elongated hypocotyl 1(elh1) phenotype in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Theor Appl Genet 134, 2639–2652 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03849-4

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