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A yield-associated gene TaCWI, in wheat: its function, selection and evolution in global breeding revealed by haplotype analysis

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Abstract

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Wheat anther-specific invertase genes were haplotyped in wheat. Strong allelic selection occurred during wheat polyploidization, domestication and breeding because of their association with yield traits.

Abstract

Plant invertase hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose. Cell wall invertase (CWI), one of the three types of invertase, is essential for plant development. Based on isolated TaCWI genes from chromosomes 4A, 5B and 5D, two SNPs were detected in the promoter region of TaCWI-4A, and four SNPs and two Indels were present in the TaCWI-5D gene. No polymorphism was detected in TaCWI-5B coding or promoter regions. CAPS markers caps4A and caps5D were developed to discriminate haplotypes of TaCWI-4A and TaCWI-5D. Marker/trait association analysis indicated that Hap-5D-C at TaCWI-5D was significantly associated with higher thousand kernel weight (TKW) in 348 Chinese modern cultivars grown in multiple environments. Geographic distributions and changes over time of favored haplotypes showed that Hap-5D-C was the most frequent haplotype in modern cultivars and was strongly positively selected in six major wheat production regions worldwide. However, selection for haplotypes at TaCWI-4A was not so evident, possibly due to balancing effects of the two haplotypes on TKW and grain number per spike (GN). In rainfed production regions, Hap-4A-C was favored because it brought more seeds, but in well irrigated conditions, Hap-4A-T was favored in modern breeding because of higher TKW. Evolutionary analysis among wheat and its relatives showed that genetic diversity of TaCWI genes on chromosomes 4A and 5D declined dramatically in progression from the diploid level to modern polyploid cultivars. There was strong allelic selection during polyploidization, domestication and breeding.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

One-way analysis of variance

ETN:

Effective tiller number

GN:

Grain number per spike

HD:

Heading date

MD:

Maturity date

PH:

Plant height

TKW:

Thousand kernel weight

SpL:

Spike length

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. D.C. Liu, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Science and Dr. SL Xue, Nanjing Agricultural University, for their help in mapping of the TaCWI-4A and TaCWI-5D, respectively. We also gratefully acknowledge help from Prof. Robert A McIntosh, University of Sydney in English editing. This research was supported by Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (grant no. 2010CB125900), the Animal and Plant Transgenic Project (2013ZX08009-001) and CAAS Innovation Project.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China

    Yanmiao Jiang & Xinhong Chen

  2. Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    Yanmiao Jiang, Qiyan Jiang, Chenyang Hao, Jian Hou, Lanfen Wang, Hongna Zhang, Suna Zhang & Xueyong Zhang

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  1. Yanmiao Jiang
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Correspondence to Xinhong Chen or Xueyong Zhang.

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Communicated by Mark E. Sorrells.

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Jiang, Y., Jiang, Q., Hao, C. et al. A yield-associated gene TaCWI, in wheat: its function, selection and evolution in global breeding revealed by haplotype analysis. Theor Appl Genet 128, 131–143 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-014-2417-5

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