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The plant genetic background affects the efficiency of the pepper major nematode resistance genes Me1 and Me3

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The plant genetic background influences the efficiency of major resistance genes to root-knot nematodes in pepper and has to be considered in breeding strategies.

Abstract

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), Meloidogyne spp., are extremely polyphagous plant parasites worldwide. Since the use of most chemical nematicides is being prohibited, genetic resistance is an efficient alternative way to protect crops against these pests. However, nematode populations proved able to breakdown plant resistance, and genetic resources in terms of resistance genes (R-genes) are limited. Sustainable management of these valuable resources is thus a key point of R-gene durability. In pepper, Me1 and Me3 are two dominant major R-genes, currently used in breeding programs to control M. arenaria, M. incognita and M. javanica, the three main RKN species. These two genes differ in the hypersensitive response induced by nematode infection. In this study, they were introgressed in either a susceptible or a partially resistant genetic background, in either homozygous or heterozygous allelic status. Challenging these genotypes with an avirulent M. incognita isolate demonstrated that (1) the efficiency of the R-genes in reducing the reproductive potential of RKNs is strongly affected by the plant genetic background, (2) the allelic status of the R-genes has no effect on nematode reproduction. These results highlight the primary importance of the choice of both the R-gene and the genetic background into which it is introgressed during the selection of new elite cultivars by plant breeders.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Anne-Marie Sage-Palloix, Ghislaine Nemouchi and Bruno Savio for plant breeding and for providing BC1-S1 and BC2-S1 seeds. We also acknowledge the seed companies Gautier Semences, Rijk Zwaan France, Sakata Vegetables Europe, Syngenta Seeds, Takii France and Vilmorin, & Cie, and ANRT (Association Nationale de la Recherche Technologique) foundation for their financial support.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical standards

The authors declare that the experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INRA, UMR1355 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France

    A. Barbary, A. Fazari, N. Marteu, P. Castagnone-Sereno & C. Djian-Caporalino

  2. UNS, UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France

    A. Barbary, A. Fazari, N. Marteu, P. Castagnone-Sereno & C. Djian-Caporalino

  3. CNRS, UMR7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France

    A. Barbary, A. Fazari, N. Marteu, P. Castagnone-Sereno & C. Djian-Caporalino

  4. INRA, UR1052, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, CS 60094, 84140, Montfavet Cedex, France

    A. Palloix

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  1. A. Barbary
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  2. A. Palloix
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  5. P. Castagnone-Sereno
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  6. C. Djian-Caporalino
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Correspondence to A. Barbary.

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Communicated by C. Gebhardt.

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Barbary, A., Palloix, A., Fazari, A. et al. The plant genetic background affects the efficiency of the pepper major nematode resistance genes Me1 and Me3 . Theor Appl Genet 127, 499–507 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-013-2235-1

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