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Functional relationships of phytoene synthase 1 alleles on chromosome 7A controlling flour colour variation in selected Australian wheat genotypes

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Abstract

Flour colour measured as a Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) b* value is an important wheat quality attribute for a range of end-products, with genes and enzymes of the xanthophyll biosynthesis pathway providing potential sources of trait variation. In particular, the phytoene synthase 1 (Psy1) gene has been associated with quantitative trait loci (QTL) for flour b* colour variation. Several Psy1 alleles on chromosome 7A (Psy-A1) have been described, along with proposed mechanisms for influencing flour b* colour. This study sought to identify evolutionary relationships among known Psy-A1 alleles, to establish which Psy-A1 alleles are present in selected Australian wheat genotypes and establish their role in controlling variation for flour b* colour via QTL analysis. Phylogenetic analyses showed seven of eight known Psy-A1 alleles clustered with sequences from T. urartu, indicating the majority of alleles in Australian germplasm share a common evolutionary lineage. In this regard, Psy-A1a, Psy-A1c, Psy-A1e and Psy-A1p were common in Australian genotypes with flour b* colour ranging from white to yellow. In contrast Psy-A1s was found to be related to A. speltoides, indicating a possible A–B genome translocation during wheat polyploidisation. A new allele Psy-A1t (similar to Psy-A1s) was discovered in genotypes with yellow flour, with QTL analyses indicating Psy-A1t strongly influences flour b* colour in Australian germplasm. QTL LOD value maxima did not coincide with Psy-A1 gene locus in two of three populations and, therefore, Psy-A1a and Psy-A1p may not be involved in flour colour. Instead two other QTL were identified, one proximal and one distal to Psy-A1 in Australian wheat lines. Comparison of Psy-A1t and Psy-A1p predicted protein sequences suggests differences in putative sites for post-translational modification may influence enzyme activity and subsequent xanthophyll accumulation in the wheat endosperm. Psy-A1a and Psy-A1p were not involved in flour b* colour variation, indicating other genes control variation on chromosome 7A in some wheat genotypes.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Ms K. Shaw for technical assistance, Ms F. Brigg for helpful comments regarding sequencing of GC rich templates, and Mr D. Diepeveen for statistical assistance. This work was supported by the Grains Research Development Corporation through project CWQ0009 and CWQ0013 and Value Added Wheat Cooperative Research Centre through project 4.3.9.

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  1. R. McLean, R. Wilson & I. Barclay

    Present address: InterGrain Pty Ltd, 3 Baron Hay Ct, South Perth, WA, 6151, Australia

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 3 Baron Hay Ct, South Perth, WA, 6151, Australia

    A. C. Crawford, K. Stefanova, W. Lambe, R. McLean, R. Wilson, I. Barclay & M. G. Francki

  2. State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia

    A. C. Crawford & M. G. Francki

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  1. A. C. Crawford
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Correspondence to M. G. Francki.

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Communicated by G. Bryan.

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Crawford, A.C., Stefanova, K., Lambe, W. et al. Functional relationships of phytoene synthase 1 alleles on chromosome 7A controlling flour colour variation in selected Australian wheat genotypes. Theor Appl Genet 123, 95–108 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-011-1569-9

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