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Genome merger: from sequence rearrangements in triticale to their elimination in wheat–rye addition lines

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Abstract

Genetic and epigenetic modifications resulting from different genomes adjusting to a common nuclear environment have been observed in polyploids. Sequence restructuring within genomes involving retrotransposon/microsatellite-rich regions has been reported in triticale. The present study uses inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphisms (IRAP) and retrotransposon microsatellite amplified polymorphisms (REMAP) to assess genome rearrangements in wheat–rye addition lines obtained by the controlled backcrossing of octoploid triticale to hexaploid wheat followed by self-fertilization. The comparative analysis of IRAP and REMAP banding profiles, involving a complete set of wheat–rye addition lines, and their parental species revealed in those lines the presence of wheat-origin bands absent in triticale, and the absence of rye-origin and triticale-specific bands. The presence in triticale × wheat backcrosses (BC) of rye-origin bands that were absent in the addition lines demonstrated that genomic rearrangement events were not a direct consequence of backcrossing, but resulted from further genome structural rearrangements in the BC plant progeny. PCR experiments using primers designed from different rye-origin sequences showed that the absence of a rye-origin band in wheat–rye addition lines results from sequence elimination rather than restrict changes on primer annealing sites, as noted in triticale. The level of genome restructuring events evaluated in all seven wheat–rye addition lines, compared to triticale, indicated that the unbalanced genome merger situation observed in the addition lines induced a new round of genome rearrangement, suggesting that the lesser the amount of rye chromatin introgressed into wheat the larger the outcome of genome reshuffling.

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Acknowledgments

Miguel Bento is funded by a doctoral scholarship (SFRH/BD/28657/2006) by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal. This research was financed by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Projects PPCDT/BIABDE/57575/2004 and PTDC/BIA-BEC/101964/2008). We would like to thank Augusta Barão for her excellent technical assistance and Leonor Morais-Cecílio for her help in image processing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Botânica Aplicada à Agricultura, Secção de Genética, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Technical University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal

    Miguel Bento, Wanda Viegas & Manuela Silva

  2. USDA-ARS, PGRU, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7020, USA

    Perry Gustafson

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  1. Miguel Bento
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  2. Perry Gustafson
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  3. Wanda Viegas
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  4. Manuela Silva
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Correspondence to Manuela Silva.

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Communicated by A. Schulman.

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Fig. S1

Dimension of amplified fragments expected from the sequence pSc200 of S.cereale DNA sub-telomeric tandem repeat (accession number Z50039) that comprehends a repeat unit with 381 bp. (PDF 37 kb)

Fig. S2

Nikita IRAP banding profiles of wheat (W), rye (R), triticale (T) and wheat DNA + rye DNA test tubes (1-5). Test tubes correspond to reactions that used as DNA template the result from the mixture of wheat DNA plus decreasing quantities of rye DNA (1/3,1/4, 1/5, 1/6, and 1/7). b is an overexposed copy of a, reveling two rye-origin polymorphic bands, absent in wheat–rye addition lines, present in all rye dilutions used (arrowheads). A triticale-origin band is absent in all rye dilutions (arrowhead). Molecular weight marker: 1 kb+. (PDF 148 kb)

Fig. S3

Full multiple alignments obtained with ClustalW for the wheat-specific sequence MoB-11-1200W amplified from wheat and the equivalent sequences amplified from CS + 1R (MoB-11-1200W-1R) and amplified from CS + 7R (MoB-11-1200W-7R) addition lines. (PDF 20 kb)

Fig. S4

The alignment of the MoB-111-1000R [2] sequences amplified from wheat, rye, and triticale reveals that they are all analogous sequence. (PDF 14 kb)

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Bento, M., Gustafson, P., Viegas, W. et al. Genome merger: from sequence rearrangements in triticale to their elimination in wheat–rye addition lines. Theor Appl Genet 121, 489–497 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-010-1325-6

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