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Development and optimization of a new formaldehyde-free cornstarch and tannin wood adhesive

Entwicklung und Optimierung eines neuen, formaldehydfreien Holzklebstoffes auf Maisstärke- und Tanninbasis

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Abstract

The development and optimization of a new, environment-friendly adhesive made from abundant and renewable cornstarch and tannin is described in this study. At present, the production of wood composites mainly relies on petrochemical- and formaldehyde-based adhesives such as phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins and urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins. Formaldehyde-free cornstarch plus tannin adhesives were evaluated for mechanical and physical properties (shear strength, rheological characterisation and thermogravimetric analysis).

First, optimized conditions for the preparation of cornstarch-sodium hydroxide wood adhesives were determined. The parameters studied were the following: total solids content of the adhesives, sodium hydroxide concentration and sodium hydroxide/cornstarch volume ratio. The highest shear strength results appeared to be 0.5 sodium hydroxide/cornstarch volume ratio when using concentrations of cornstarch (65% p/v H2O) and sodium hydroxide (33% p/v H2O). The optimum cure temperature was 170 °C and the cure time 4 min. The addition of two types of tannin-based adhesives, Mimosa and Quebracho, with hexamethylenetetramine (hexamine) hardener to the cornstarch-sodium hydroxide formulation improved the shear strength and decreased the viscosity of adhesives.

Zusammenfassung

In dieser Studie wird die Entwicklung und Optimierung eines neuen, umweltfreundlichen Klebstoffes auf Basis der nachwachsenden und reichlich vorhandenen Rohstoffe Maisstärke und Tannin beschrieben. Gegenwärtig werden zur Herstellung von Holzwerkstoffen Klebstoffe auf Öl- und Formaldehydbasis, wie z. B. Phenolformaldehyd-Harz (PF) und Harnstoffformaldehyd-Harz (UF), verwendet. Die mechanischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften (Scherfestigkeit, rheologische Eigenschaften und thermogravimetrische Analyse) von Klebstoffen auf Maisstärke und Tanninbasis wurden untersucht.

Zunächst wurden die optimalen Bedingungen zur Herstellung von Maisstärke-Natriumhydroxid-Holzklebstoffen bestimmt. Dabei wurden die Parameter Gesamt-Feststoffgehalt der Klebstoffe, Natriumhydroxidkonzentration und das Volumenverhältnis von Hydroxid und Maisstärke untersucht. Die höchste Scherfestigkeit ergab sich bei einem Volumenverhältnis von 0,5 bei einer Maisstärkekonzentration von 65% p/v H2O und einer Natriumhydroxidkonzentration von 33% p/v H2O. Die optimale Aushärtungstemperatur lag bei 170 °C und die Aushärtungszeit bei 4 min. Durch Zugabe zweier verschiedener Tannin basierter Klebstoffe, Mimosa und Quebracho, mit Hexamin als Härter, zur Maisstärke-Natriumhydroxid-Rezeptur wurde die Scherfestigkeit verbessert und die Viskosität der Klebstoffe verringert.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sylvadour, IUT des Pays de l’Adour, 371 rue du Ruisseau, BP 201, 40004, Mont de Marsan, France

    A. Moubarik, B. Charrier & F. Charrier

  2. ENSTIB-LERMAB, Nancy University, Epinal, France

    A. Pizzi

  3. IPREM-EPCP (UMR 5254), Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Pau, France

    A. Allal

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  1. A. Moubarik
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  2. B. Charrier
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  3. A. Allal
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  4. F. Charrier
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Correspondence to A. Moubarik.

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Moubarik, A., Charrier, B., Allal, A. et al. Development and optimization of a new formaldehyde-free cornstarch and tannin wood adhesive . Eur. J. Wood Prod. 68, 167–177 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-009-0357-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-009-0357-6

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