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Hautalterung

Skin aging

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Zusammenfassung

Die Haut unterliegt wie der gesamte Organismus einem intrinsischen, nicht abwendbaren Alterungsprozess. Daneben spielen aber auch exogene Faktoren eine Rolle. Insbesondere UV-Strahlung führt in der Haut zu einer vorzeitigen Alterung, die auch als Lichtalterung oder extrinsische Hautalterung bezeichnet wird und in lichtexponierten Arealen einen Großteil der altersassoziierten Veränderungen verursacht. Trotz morphologischer und pathophysiologischer Unterschiede zwischen beiden Formen bestehen Gemeinsamkeiten auf molekularer Ebene. Ein zentraler Aspekt der Hautalterung allgemein ist die Bildung reaktiver Sauerstoffspezies und die Induktion von Matrixmetalloproteinasen, die durch UV- und IR-Strahlung sowie Hitze erfolgen kann. Die Akkumulation fragmentierter Kollagenfibrillen verhindert eine Neokollagenese und trägt durch einen positiven Feedbackmechanismus zur weiteren Degradation der extrazellulären Matrix bei. Die Relevanz extrinsischer Mechanismen für den Hautalterungsprozess und ihre Aufklärung führte mittlerweile zur Entwicklung einer Vielzahl therapeutischer und v. a. präventiver Strategien.

Abstract

Like the entire human organism, the skin is subject to an intrinsic unpreventable aging process. But exogenous factors also influence skin aging. Ultraviolet radiation in particular results in premature skin aging, also referred to as extrinsic skin aging or photo aging, causing in large part aging-associated changes in sun-exposed areas. Intrinsic and extrinsic aging share several molecular similarities despite morphological and pathophysiological differences. The formation of reactive oxygen species and the induction of metalloproteinases reflect central aspects of skin aging. Accumulation of fragmented collagen fibrils prevents neocollagenesis and accounts for further degradation of extracellular matrix by means of positive feedback regulation. The importance of extrinsic factors in skin aging and the detection of its mechanisms has given rise to development of various therapeutic and preventive strategies.

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  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland

    E. Kohl, M. Landthaler & R.-M. Szeimies

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Kohl, E., Landthaler, M. & Szeimies, RM. Hautalterung. Hautarzt 60, 917–934 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-009-1790-5

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