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Laparoskopische Appendektomie

Der neue Standard?

Laparoscopic appendectomy

The new standard?

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Zusammenfassung

Seit der Einführung der laparoskopischen Appendektomie (LA) durch Semm 1983 wird der Stellenwert dieser minimal-invasiven Operation kontrovers diskutiert. In Metaanalysen finden sich als Vorteile signifikant geringere Wundinfektionsraten, geringere postoperative Schmerzen und frühere Rückkehr zur normalen Aktivität. Nachteile sind eine erhöhte Rate an intraabdominellen Abszessen, eine längere Operationszeit und höhere stationäre Behandlungskosten. Teilweise werden jedoch die Vorteile der Metaanalysen durch Ergebnisse der Versorgungsforschung in Frage gestellt. Die Ursachen dafür liegen an den in den verschiedenen Untersuchungen beteiligten Operateuren. Die Ergebnisse werden stark durch die Qualifikation und Erfahrung der Operateure beeinflusst. Deshalb sollte nach wie vor die konventionelle Appendektomie über einen rechten unteren lateralen Wechselschnitt nach McBurney der Standard bleiben. Ein in der laparoskopischen Chirurgie erfahrener Chirurg kann mit der minimal-invasiven Appendektomie bessere Ergebnisse erzielen als mit der offenen. Das gilt auch für spezifische Situationen wie die komplizierte Appendizitis und beim extrem übergewichtigen Patienten. Die Operationskosten sind für die LA jedoch höher, weil sich gezeigt hat, dass die Absetzung der Appendix mit dem linearen Klammernahtgerät am sichersten ist.

Abstract

Since the introduction of laparoscopic appendectomy by Semm in 1983, the role of this minimally invasive surgical technique has been the focus of controversial discussion. Meta-analyses have identified its advantages as having significantly lower wound infection rates, less postoperative pain and earlier resumption of normal everyday activities. The disadvantages are higher rates of intra-abdominal abscesses, longer operating times and higher inpatient treatment costs. However, some of the advantages identified by meta-analyses have been called into question by the results obtained from research into aspects of care. These discrepancies are attributable to the different surgeons involved in the various studies. The results are greatly influenced by the qualifications and experience of the surgeons. Therefore conventional appendectomy using a right lower lateral McBurney incision should continue to be the gold standard. Surgeons who have extensive experience in the field of laparoscopic surgery can achieve better results with minimally invasive appendectomy than with open surgery. This also holds true for specific situations such as complicated appendicitis and for morbidly obese patients. However, the operating costs incurred for laparoscopic appendectomy are higher because it has been shown that removal of the appendix with a linear stapler is the most reliable method.

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Köckerling, F., Schug-Paß, C. & Grund, S. Laparoskopische Appendektomie. Chirurg 80, 594–601 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-009-1687-y

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