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Moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer

Long-term outcome using IMRT and volumetric IGRT

Moderate hypofraktionierte Strahlentherapie beim lokal begrenzten Prostatakarzinom

Langzeitergebnisse nach IMRT und volumetrischer IGRT

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Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate long-term outcome after dose-escalated, moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

Methods

Since 2005, 150 consecutive patients were treated with primary radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) using the simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) technique was practiced in all patients and doses of 73.9 Gy (n = 41) and 76.2 Gy (n = 109) were delivered in 32 and 33 fractions, respectively. The pelvic lymph nodes were treated in 41 high-risk patients. Treatment was delivered using cone-beam CT based image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT). Toxicity was assessed prospectively using CTCAE 3.0; biochemical failure was defined according to the Phoenix definition of nadir + 2 ng/ml.

Results

Median follow-up of living patients was 50 months. Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity was mild with > 80 % of the patients free from any GI toxicity during follow-up and no time trend to increased rates or to higher grade of GI toxicity. Two patients suffered from late grade 3 GI toxicity. Acute genitourinary (GU) toxicity grade 1–2 was observed in 85 % of the patients; most patients recovered quickly within 6 weeks after treatment. The rate of GU toxicity grade ≥ 2 was < 10 % at 6–12 month but increased continuously to 22.4 % at 60 months; grade 3 GU toxicity remained below 5 % during follow-up. The 5-year freedom from biochemical failure (FFBF) was 82 % for all patients and 88, 80, and 78 % for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease.

Conclusion

Favorable FFBF with simultaneously low rates of toxicity was observed after moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy with 2 Gy-equivalent doses ≥ 80 Gy. Conformal IMRT planning and accurate IGRT treatment delivery may have contributed to these results.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel

Untersucht wurden die Langzeitergebnisse nach dosisintensivierter Strahlentherapie in moderater Hypofraktionierung beim lokal begrenzten Prostatakarzinom.

Methodik

Untersucht wurden 150 konsekutive Patienten, die seit 2005 unter Verwendung von IMRT-Bestrahlungsplanung und simultan integrierter Boost-(SIB-)Technik mit 73,9 Gy (n = 41) bzw. 76,2 Gy (n = 109) in 32 bzw. 33 Fraktionen behandelt wurden. Das pelvine Lymphabflussgebiet wurde bei 41 Hochrisikopatienten behandelt. Die Bestrahlungsapplikation erfolgte nach Cone-beam-CT-geführter Strahlentherapie (IGRT). Die Toxizität wurde prospektiv mittels CTCAE 3.0 erfasst. Ein biochemisches Rezidiv wurde gemäß Phoenix-Definition als Nadir + 2 ng/ml definiert.

Ergebnisse

Die mediane Nachbeobachtungszeit lebender Patienten betrug 50 Monate. Die gastrointestinale (GI-)Toxizität war gering: > 80 % der Patienten waren während der gesamten Nachsorgezeit frei von jeglicher GI-Toxizität. Lediglich 2 Patienten erlitten eine späte GI-Toxizität vom Grad 3. Akute urogenitale (GU-)Toxizität vom Grad 1–2 trat bei 85 % der Patienten während der Behandlungsserie auf, bildete sich aber innerhalb von 6 Wochen zurück. Nach 6–12 Monaten litten < 10 % der Patienten an einer GU-Toxizität vom Grad ≥ 2; dieser Anteil stieg kontinuierlich auf 22,4 % nach 60 Monaten. Die Rate an GU-Toxizität vom Grad 3 war nie > 5 %. Die biochemische Kontrolle betrug 82 % nach 5 Jahren und jeweils 88, 80 und 78 % für Patienten mit niedrigem, intermediärem und hohem Risiko.

Schlussfolgerung

Nach Behandlung mit 2 Gy äquivalenten Bestrahlungsdosen ≥ 80 Gy wurde eine vielversprechende biochemische Kontrolle bei niedriger Toxizität beobachtet. Konsequente Anwendung von konformaler IMRT-Bestrahlungsplanung und IGRT zur Bestrahlungsapplikation könnte zu diesen vielversprechenden Ergebnissen beigetragen haben.

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Compliance with ethical guidelines

Conflict of interest. M. Guckenberger, I. Lawrenz, and M. Flentjehere state that there are no conflicts of interest.

All studies on humans described in the present manuscript were carried out with the approval of the responsible ethics committee and in accordance with national law and the Helsinki Declaration of 1975 (in its current, revised form). Informed consent was obtained from all patients included in studies.

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Guckenberger, M., Lawrenz, I. & Flentje, M. Moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Strahlenther Onkol 190, 48–53 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-013-0443-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-013-0443-x

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