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Mast cells and eosinophils: the two key effector cells in allergic inflammation

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Abstract

The allergic inflammatory response is composed of two main phases—the early and the late. The early phase initiates when an allergen activates the tissue resident mast cell, triggering the release of a variety of granule-stored and newly formed mediators. As the inflammatory response progresses, blood borne inflammatory cells—in particular, eosinophils—are recruited into the inflamed tissue. Eosinophil activation and consequent release and production of several pro-inflammatory mediators results in the late phase reaction. A chronic allergic inflammation always features prominent tissue eosinophilia. In this review, we will discuss the possible channels of communication, both soluble and physical, between mast cells and eosinophils that can occur in the late and chronic stages of allergy. Such interactions, that we have termed “the allergic effector unit”, may modulate the severity and/or duration of the allergic inflammatory reaction.

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Abbreviations

Ig:

Immunoglobulin

SCF:

Stem cell factor

PG:

Prostaglandin

LT:

leukotriene

IL:

Interleukin

GM-CSF:

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-β

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

NGF:

Nerve growth factor

EPO:

Eosinophil peroxidase

MBP:

Major basic protein

ECP:

Eosinophil cationic protein

EDN:

Eosinophil derived neurotoxin

PAF:

Platelet activating factor

IFN-γ:

Interferon-gamma

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

PAR2:

Proteinase-activated receptor 2

AP-1:

Activator protein-1

MMPs:

Metalloproteinases

DNAM-1:

DNAX accessory molecule 1

PVR:

Poliovirus receptor

LFA-1:

Leukocyte function-associated antigen 1

ICAM-1:

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1

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Acknowledgments

This project was supported by grants from the Israel Science Foundation (no. 213105), the Aimwell Charitable Trust, UK, (no. 0364163) and the Israel Ministry Health (chief scientist office, (no. 3000002966). F. Levi-Schaffer is affiliated with the David R. Bloom Center of Pharmacy and the Adolph and Klara Brettler Center for Research in Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The authors wish to thank Dr. Ido Bachelet for helpful ideas and comments.

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The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12065, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel

    Yael Minai-Fleminger & Francesca Levi-Schaffer

  2. David R. Bloom Center of Pharmacy and the Adolph and Klara Brettler Center for Research in Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

    Francesca Levi-Schaffer

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  1. Yael Minai-Fleminger
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Correspondence to Francesca Levi-Schaffer.

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Responsible Editor: I. Ahnfelt-Rønne.

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Minai-Fleminger, Y., Levi-Schaffer, F. Mast cells and eosinophils: the two key effector cells in allergic inflammation. Inflamm. Res. 58, 631–638 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-009-0042-6

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