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Natural enemies ofTomicus Piniperda andIps acuminatus (Col, scolytidae) onPinus sylvestris near orléans, france: Temporal occurrence and relative abundance, and notes on eight predatory species

Ennemis naturels deTomicus piniperda etIps acuminatus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) sur pin sylvestre près d’Orléans, France : Abondance relative et variations temporelles, et notes sur huit espèces prédatrices

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Abstract

Ips acuminatus (Gyllenhall) andTomicus piniperda (L.) were the main scolytid beetles in Scots pine,Pinus sylvestris L., outbreak areas near Orléans, France during 1978-1979.Ips acuminatus attacked thin-bark logs whileT. piniperda attacked thick-bark logs. More than 150 species of insects were associated with these scolytids. Forty-five species (31 predators and 14 parasitoids) were confirmed as natural enemies of bark beetles. Three predators were abundant:Thanasimus formicarius L. (Col.: Cleridae),Rhizophagus depressus (F.) (Col.: Rhizophagidae) andMedetera spp. (Dipt.: Dolichopodidae). The first two were especially frequent in galleries ofT. piniperda, whileMedetera spp. were more abundant in galleries ofI. acuminatus. The main parasitoids wereRhopalicus tutela (Walker) andR. brevicornis Thomson (Hym.: Pteromalidae),Coeloides abdominalis Zetterstedt andC. melanostigma Strand,Dendrosoter middendorfi Ratzeburg andD. hartigii Ratzeburg, andSpathius rubidus Rossi (Hym.: Braconidae). These parasitoids are polyphagous. However,C. abdominalis was obtained fromT. piniperda but not fromI. acuminatus, while 5.rubidus andD. hartigii were obtained fromI. acuminatus but not fromT. piniperda. Temporal and relative abundance of natural enemies ofT. piniperda andI. acuminatus were studied. The predatorsR. depressus andT. formicarius had complementary limiting effects on bark beetles as adults and larvae ofR. depressus fed mainly on scolytid eggs, whileT. formicarius adults attacked scolytid adults and the clerid larvae preyed upon scolytid larvae. The predatory pressure applied byT. formicarius andR. depressus toT. piniperda early during the spring was later complemented by a series of parasitoids and other predators. This sequential timing of the natural enemies ofT. piniperda suggests that the interactions among the guild are more complementary than adverse. Differential timing of the natural enemies in logs infested byI. acuminatus and some evidence of competition between the predatorsMedetera spp. and parasitoids suggested a less effective control of this scolytid.

Number and duration of larval instars were determined, and measurements of predatory activity were made forThanasimus formicarius, Rhizophagus depressus,Hypophloeus fraxini Kugelann (Col.: Tenebrionidae),Platysoma frontale Paykull (Col.: Histeridae), andXylocoris cursitans (Fallen) (Het.: Anthocoridae). Predatory activity was evaluated for last instar larvae and adults ofScoloposcelis obscurella (Zetterstedt) (Het.: Anthocoridae), and for last instar larvae ofMedetera sp. andLonchaea collini Hackman (Dipt.: Lonchaeidae)

Résumé

Dans les foyers de dépérissement du pin sylvestre,Pinus sylvestris L., en forêt d’Orléans, France, les scolytesIps acuminatus (Gyllenhall) etTomicus piniperda (L.) ont été les plus abondants.Ips acuminatus a attaqué les rondins à écorce fine alors queT. piniperda s’est porté sur les rondins à écorce épaisse. Trois prédateurs ont été trouvés le plus fréquemment :Thanasimus formicarius L. (Col. : Cleridae),Rhizophagus depressus (F.) (Col. : Rhizophagidae), etMedetera spp. (Dipt. : Dolichopodidae). Les deux premiers ont été particulièrement abondants dans les galeries deT. piniperda, et lesMedetera ont été plus fréquents dans les galeries d’I.acuminatus: Les principaux parasitoïdes ont étéRhopalicus tutela (Walker),R. brevicornis Thomson (Hym. : Pteromalidae),Coeloides abdominalis Zetterstedt, C.melanostigma Strand,Dendrosoter middendorfi Ratzeburg,D. hartigii Ratzeburg, etSpathius rubidus Rossi (Hym. : Braconidae). Ces parasitoïdes sont tous polyphages. Toutefois, C.abdominalis a été obtenu deT. piniperda mais pas d’I. acuminatus, alors queS. rubidus etD. hartigii ont été obtenus d’I.acuminatus mais pas deT. piniperda. Les variations temporelles et l’abondance relative des ennemis naturels deT. piniperda etI. acuminatus ont été étudiées. Les prédateursR. depressus etT. formicarius ont eu des effets limitants complémentaires. En effet, les adultes et larves deR. depressus se sont nourries principalement d’œufs de scolytes alors que les adultes deT. formicarius attaquaient les adultes de scolytes et que les larves du céride attaquaient les larves du ravageur. La pression de prédation exercée surT. piniperda parT. formicarius etR. depressus au début du printemps a été augmentée par les actions successives d’une série de parasitoïdes et prédateurs. Cet enchaînement permet de penser que les interactions au sein du complexe deT. piniperda ont été plus complémentaires qu’adverses. La mise en échec d’I.acuminatus par ses ennemis naturels a été moins efficace que celle deT. piniperda, à cause de rythmes d’activités moins bien synchronisés entre le ravageur et ses ennemis et à cause d’une plus forte compétition entre les prédateursMedetera spp. et les parasitoïdes.

Plus de 150 espèces d’insectes associés àI. acuminatus etT. piniperda ont été dénombrées. On a vérifié le rôle en tant qu’ennemi naturel de scolytes de 45 espèces. On a déterminé le nombre et la durée des stades larvaires, et mesuré l’activité prédatrice deT. formicarius, R. depressus, Hypophloeus fraxini Kugelann (Col. : Tenebrionidae),Platysoma frontale Paykull (Col. : Histeridae),Xylocoris cursitans (Fallen) (Het. : Anthocoridae). On a également évalué l’activité prédatrice des larves de dernier stade et des adultes deScoloposcelis obscurella (Zetterstedt) (Het. : Anthocoridae), et celle des larves de dernier stade deMedetera sp. etLonchaea collini Hackman (Dipt. : Lonchaeidae).

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Herard, F., Mercadier, G. Natural enemies ofTomicus Piniperda andIps acuminatus (Col, scolytidae) onPinus sylvestris near orléans, france: Temporal occurrence and relative abundance, and notes on eight predatory species. Entomophaga 41, 183–210 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02764245

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