Abstract
The predatorThanasimus formicarius (L.) (Coleoptera, Cleridae) and its preyIps typographus (L.) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) were studied in the laboratory and the field.
In the laboratory, 11T. formicarius laid 71–132 eggs (mean=162) during 66–123 days. During this time they ate 66–132I. typographus adults per pair (male +female). The number of eggs laid per female was not correlated with life span or the number ofIps eaten.
In the field, predation byT. formicarius larvae and other natural enemies onI. typographus brood was studied in the last year of an outbreak. Caged and uncaged spruce bolts attacked byI. typographus were used, and pairs ofT. formicarius were released in the cages. The treatments were: uncaged bolts, caged bolts withoutT. formicarius, caged bolts with 4T. formicarius pairs, and caged bolts with 8T. formicarius pairs. The productivity ofI. typographus was highest in the caged bolts withoutT. formicarius (mean=4.5 offspring/female) and lowest in the uncaged bolts (mean=0.9 offspring/female). The density ofI. typographus galleries was similar in the different treatments. Hence, the variation in productivity between treatments could not have been due to differences in the levels of intraspecific competition. There was no difference in bark beetle productivity or density ofT. formicarius larvae between bolts with 4 pairs ofT. formicarius and bolts with 8 pairs (mean=2.5 offspring/female). This indicates that some kind of interference occurred betweenT. formicarius individuals (e.g. cannibalism) and that a maximum level of predation was reached. Predation by larvae ofMedetera spp. (Diptera, Dolichopodidae),Thanasimus spp. and other beetles, and parasitism by wasps (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) probably caused the low productivity in the uncaged bolts.
Résumé
Le prédateurThanasimus formicarius et sa proieIps typographus ont été étudiés au laboratoire et en conditions naturelles.
En laboratoire, 11T. formicarius ont pondu entre 71 et 132 œufs (moyenne: 162) en 66 à 123 jours. Pendant ce temps, ils consommaient 66 à 132I. typographus adultes par couple. Le nombre d'œufs pondus par femelle n'était pas corrélé avec la durée de vie ou le nombre d'Ips consommés.
En conditions extérieures, la prédation deT. formicarius et des autres ennemis naturels sur les descendants d'Ips typographus a été étudiée la dernière année d'une pullulation. On a utilisé des rondins d'épicea attaqués parI. typographus et encagés ou non; des couples deT. formicarius étaient lâchés dans les cages. Les traitements étaient les suivants: rondins sans cage, rondins encagés sansT. formicarius ou avec 4 ou 8 couples deT. formicarius. La production d'I. typographus a été la plus grande pour les rondins encagés sansT. formicarius (moyenne 4,5 descendants par femelle) et la plus faible pour les rondins sans cage (moyenne 0,9 descendants par femelle). La densité de galeries d'I. typographus était voisine dans les différents traitements. Les différences de production observées entre les traitements ne pouvaient donc pas être provoquées par des variations du niveau de compétition intraspécifique. Il n'y a pas eu de différence de production de scolyte ou de densité de larves deT. formicarius entre les rondins portant 4 couples deT. formicarius et ceux portant 8 couples (moyenne 2,5 descendants par femelle). Ceci indique qu'il existe une interférence entre les individus (ex.: cannibalisme) deT. formicarius et que le niveau maximal de prédation était atteint. La prédation par des larves deMetedera spp.(Diptera, Dolichopodidae), Thanasimus spp. et d'autres Coléoptères ainsi que le parasitisme par des Hyménoptères (Pteromalidae) est probablement la cause de la faible production de scolytes des rondins sans cage.
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Weslien, J., Regnander, J. The influence of natural enemies on brood production inIps typographus (Col. scolytidae) with special reference to egg-laying and predation byThanasimus formicarius (Col.: Cleridae) . Entomophaga 37, 333–342 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02372435
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02372435