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Toxicity evaluation of silica nanoparticles for delivery applications

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Abstract

Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are being explored as nanocarriers for therapeutics delivery, which can address a number of intrinsic drawbacks of therapeutics. To translate laboratory innovation into clinical application, their potential toxicity has been of great concern. This review attempts to comprehensively summarize the existing literature on the toxicity assessment of SiNPs. The current data suggest that the composition of SiNPs, their physicochemical properties, their administration route, their frequency and duration of administration, and the sex of animal models are related to their tissue and blood toxicity, immunotoxicity, and genotoxicity. However, the correlation between in vitro and in vivo toxicity has not been well established, mainly because both the in vitro and the in vivo-dosed quantities are unrealistic. This article also discusses important factors to consider in the toxicology of SiNPs and current approaches to reducing their toxicity. The aim is to give readers a better understanding of the toxicology of silica nanoparticles and to help identify key gaps in knowledge and techniques.

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© 2016 Acta Materialia Inc.)

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Availability of data and materials

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.

Key contribution

Emphasized the important parameters related to SiNPs in the toxicity assessment, listed the toxicity effects of SiNPs in major tissues of the body and reports on the immunotoxicity and genotoxicity of SiNPs, and briefly summarized the strategies for designing safer SiNPs, the current challenges, and the future research directions in SiNPs biosafety assessment.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (NO.202103000089), the Guangdong Demonstration Base for Joint Cultivation of Postgraduates (2019), the Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Guangdong (2020B1515020026), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21804025).

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  1. Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Yue Tan, Dawei Yu, Jiayao Feng, Huimin You & Zhengquan Su

  2. Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Yue Tan, Dawei Yu, Jiayao Feng, Huimin You, Jiao Guo & Zhengquan Su

  3. School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510310, China

    Yan Bai & Jincan He

  4. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, 528458, China

    Hua Cao

  5. Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd, Science City, Guangzhou, 510663, China

    Qishi Che

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The idea for the articles was created by Yue Tan. The literature searches and data analysis were done by Yue Tan. The article was drafted by Yue Tan. The article is critically reviewed and revised by Dawei Yu, Jiayao Feng, Huimin You, Yan Bai, Jincan He, Hua Cao, Qishi Che, Jiao Guo, and Zhengquan Su.

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Tan, Y., Yu, D., Feng, J. et al. Toxicity evaluation of silica nanoparticles for delivery applications. Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res. 13, 2213–2238 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-023-01312-z

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