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In vitro propagation of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.)

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Abstract

In vitro propagation of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) shoots was successful from cotyledonary node explants excised from 8-wk-old in vitro grown seedlings. Initially, four shoots per explant were obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4.4 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 0.45 μM thidiazuron (TDZ), and 500 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate (CH) with a regeneration frequency of 64.7% after 3 wk. Subculturing explants (after harvesting shoots) to fresh treatment medium significantly increased shoot bud regeneration (16.6 buds per explant), but the buds failed to develop into shoots. A higher percentage (73.3%) of the explants regenerated four shoots per explant on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 4.4 μM BA, 0.29 μM gibberellic acid (GA3), and 500 mg l−1 CH after 3 wk. Explants subcultured to fresh treatment medium after harvesting shoots significantly increased shoot regeneration (16 shoots per explant). Shoot elongation was achieved (4 cm) when shoots were excised and cultured on WPM supplemented with 0.44 μM BA and 0.29 μM GA3. In vitro regenerated shoots were rooted on WPM supplemented with 4.9 μM indole-3-butyric acid. A higher percentage regeneration response and shoot numbers per explant were recorded on WPM supplemented with BA and GA3, than on MS medium containing BA and TDZ. Lower concentrations of BA and GA3 were required for shoot elongation and prevention of shoot tip necrosis. Each cotyledonary node yielded approximately 20 shoots within 12 wk. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported financially by a Fred M. van Eck Foundation fellowship for Purdue University to G. Vengadesan. The authors gratefully acknowledge Drs. Michael E. Kane and Scott A. Merkle for their constructive review and suggestions for improvement of this manuscript. The authors would also like to thank Jim McKenna for valuable assistance in the collection of acorns and Dr. Francis Salifu and Christian Roschke for helping to analyze the data and photography, respectively. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the US Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that also may be suitable.

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  1. Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center (HTIRC), Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    G. Vengadesan

  2. HTIRC, Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    Paula M. Pijut

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  1. G. Vengadesan
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Correspondence to Paula M. Pijut.

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Vengadesan, G., Pijut, P.M. In vitro propagation of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.). In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 45, 474–482 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-008-9182-6

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