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Allelopathy—An update

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Summary

The latest previous comprehensive review of allelopathy (Rice, 1974) covered research done primarily prior to 1973. There have been numerous reviews published in recent years on specific phases of allelopathy (see III), but most of them covered research results published primarily through 1972 also. This review has been restricted, therefore, largely to research conducted subsequent to 1972, except for background information and significant papers overlooked in previous reviews.

There has been almost an exponential increase in the rate of publication of papers concerned with allelopathy. Research has been particularly active in relation to the roles of allelopathy in agriculture, forestry, phytopathology, patterning of vegetation, algal succession, and old-field succession. Our increasing knowledge of the conditions under which certain crop residues cause allelopathic effects to subsequent crops should enable us soon to guard against such effects. We are on the threshold of breeding crop plants that will inhibit the chief weeds in a given area through allelopathic action, and thus decrease the need for synthetic weed killers. Our understanding of allelopathic interactions of various plant species has already been used advantageously in reforestation, and future developments are very encouraging. Our increasing knowledge of allelopathy is aiding greatly in our understanding of many ecological phenomena, such as succession and patterning of vegetation.

Evidence is mounting that inhibition of nitrification increases as succession progresses toward the climax vegetation, at least in many vegetation types. This leads to a decrease in the loss of nitrogen. Addition of inhibitors to arable lands to prevent nitrification has proved to be valuable in preventing loss of nitrogen and in increasing crop yields.

There has been a rapid advance in our knowledge of mechanisms of action of known allelopathic compounds, at increasingly more fundamental levels. We have known for several years, for example, that some of these compounds inhibit uptake of various minerals, but have not known the mechanism of the action. Recent research indicates this may be due, at least in part, to inhibition of a plasma membrane ATPase that is involved with ion absorption. A thorough knowledge of mechanisms of action of allelochemics is essential to our overall understanding and appreciation of the field of allelopathy.

Résumé

La revue la plus complète et la dernière en date sur l’allélopathie (Rice, 1974) a couvert principalement la recherche faite avant 1973. Nombres de revues ont été publiées dans les dernières années sur des phases spécifiques d’allélopathie, mais la plupart ont couvert les résultats de la recherche publiés jusqu’en 1972. Par conséquent, cette revue est restreinte à la recherche dirigée après 1972 excepté en ce qui concerne certains renseignements et des publications importantes qui ont été négligés dans les revues antérieures.

Il y a une ugmentation exponentielle dans le nombre de publications concernant l’allélopathie. La recherche a été particulièrement active sur les rôles de l’allélopathie en agriculture, foresterie, Phytopathologie, dans la distribution de la végétation, dans la succession d’algues et dans la succession d’anciens champs. La connaissance croissante des conditions sous lesquelles certains résidus des récoltes causent des effets allélopathiques sur les récoltes suivantes devrait bientôt nous permettre d’empêcher ces effets. On commence à pouvoir éléver des plantes qui empêcheront les mauvaises herbes de pousser dans une region donnée par l’action allélopathique, ce qui par conséquent diminuera l’utilisation d’herbicides synthétiques. On a déjà avantageusement utilisé les connaissances acquises sur les interactions allélopathiques de diverses espèces de plantes dans la reforestation et les développments futurs sont tres encourageants. Notre connaissance croissante d’allélopathie nous aide énormément à comprendre beaucoup de phénomènes écologiques, comme la succession et al distribution de la végétation.

Il devient évident que l’inhibition de nitrification augmente à mesure que la succession avance vers le climax, du moins dans beaucoup de types de végétation. Cela produit une diminution de perte de nitrogène. L’addition d’inhibiteurs aux terres arables pour empêcher la nitrification s’est révélée un procédé valable pour empêcher la perte de nitrogène et augmenter le rendement des récoltes.

Il y a eu une avance rapide dans le domaine des connaissances des méchanismes d’action des composés allélopathiques connus, à des niveaux plus fondamentaux. Par exemple, nous savons depuis plusieurs années que quelques-uns de ces composés inhibitent l’absorption de divers minéraux mais nous ne connaissons pas le méchanisme de l’action. La recherche récente indique que cela est peut-être dû, du moins en partie, à l’inhibition d’une membrane de plasma ATPase qui a à faire avec l’absorption d’ion. Une connaissance complète des méchanismes d’action des allélochimiques est essentielle à notre compréhension et appréciation du domaine de l’allélopathie.

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  1. Department of Botany and Microbiology, The University of Oklahoma, 73019, Norman, Oklahoma

    Elroy L. Rice

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Rice, E.L. Allelopathy—An update. Bot. Rev 45, 15–109 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02869951

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