Conclusion
In recent years studies of plant disease resistance have concentrated on active resistance rather than on those mechanisms which rely on structural barriers such as the cuticle. This change has led to the detection and isolation of several post-infectional antifungal compounds, known collectively as phytoalexins, and to their implication as major factors in the disease resistance of several plant species. These substances were first discussed by Müller & Börger (1940) although it is only during the last decade that concerted attempts have been made by plant pathologists and biochemists to support or refute their hypothesis.
As a result of this research numerous reports in the literature are concerned with production of phytoalexins or phytoalexin-like substances by diseased plants, and of these the phytoalexins from the Leguminosae constitute one of the more important groups. However, even in this extremely large Family only a few species have been studied in detail, and as a result there is great scope for the extensive screening of many more genera in order to detect antifungal metabolites of both pre- and post-infectional origin, research which would be of considerable value to chemotaxonomy as well as plant pathology. With the advanced analytical techniques now available it should also be possible to characterise many of the phytoalexin-like compounds produced by members of other plant Families in order to compare and contrast their structures with those of known antifungal metabolites.
The detection and characterisation of phytoalexins and other related natural products, the elucidation of their biosynthetic pathways and where appropriate their antifungal mechanisms, and the development of these substances or synthetic analogues for use in crop protection provides a new and exciting field of plant pathology which without doubt will be greatly expanded in the years that lie ahead.
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Ingham, J.L. Phytoalexins and other natural products as factors in plant disease resistance. Bot. Rev 38, 343–424 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02860009
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02860009