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Development and evaluation of potato breeding lines with introgressed resistance to Columbia root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi)

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Abstract

Columbia root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi) (CRN) is a serious pest of potato in the Pacific Northwest of the USA. Because this nematode can reproduce rapidly within a single growing season, small initial populations are capable of causing crop loss in the Columbia Basin of Washington or Oregon. Presently, soil fumigation is the main treatment for controlling CRN on potato. Developing potato varieties with resistance to CRN is highly desirable to reduce the cost of control and to alleviate concerns about the effects of fumigants on the environment. Resistance to CRN race 1 was found in two wildSolanum species. Resistance fromS. bulbocastanum was introduced via protoplast fusion and fromS. hougasii via sexual hybridization. Subsequent breeding consisted of repeated backcrossing and selection. The dominant monogenic inheritance was expressed in undiminished fashion across several backcross generations. When tested in replicated trials in three locations, selected resistant clones from the BC4 and BC5 of theS. bulbocastanum introgression populations had total marketable yields and yields of >113-g (4 oz) tubers as good or better than standard potato varieties tested in replicated yield trials in three locations. Percentage of tubers weighing more than 113 g in the highest yielding clones was not significantly different from commercial standards. The resistance phenotype, typified by failure of the nematode to reproduce on the root systems, was sufficiently effective to prevent economic damage in a field exposure. All CRN-resistant clones are pollen sterile. Germplasm listed is available upon request.

Resumen

El nematodo del nudo de Columbia (Meloidogyne chitwoodi) (CRN), es un parásito serio de la papa en la zona del Pacífico noroeste de los EUA. Poblaciones iniciales pequeñas son capaces de ocasionar la pérdida del cultivo, debido a la habilidad de este nematodo a reproducirse rápidamente dentro de un mismo periodo de cultivo en los valles de Columbia de Washington u Oregon. Actualmente, la fumigación del suelo es el principal método de control del CRN de la papa. El desarrollo de resistencia al CRN es muy deseable para reducir los costos de control y la preocupación que se tiene de los fumigantes sobre el medio ambiente. Se encontró resistencia a la traza 1 del CRN en dos especies silvestres deSolanum spp. La resistencia deS. bulbocastanum se introdujo por fusión de protoplastos y la deS. hougasii por hibridación sexual. Las siguientes pruebas de mejoramiento consistieron en retrocruzas repetidas y selección. La herencia monogénica dominante fue expresada a lo largo de varias generaciones de retrocruza. Cuando se hicieron pruebas múltiples en tres localidades, los clones resistentes seleccionados de BC4 y BC5 de la población de introgresión deS. bulbocastanum tuvo un rendimiento total comerciable de tubérculos por encima de los 113g (4 onzas), tan bueno o mejor que las variedades estándar de papa evaluadas en pruebas de rendimiento con repeticiones en tres localidades. El porcentaje de tubérculos con pesos mayores a los 113 gramos en el clon de mayor rendimiento, no mostró diferencia significativa en comparación con los estándares comerciales. La resistencia del fenotipo, tipificado por la falta de reproducción del nematodo en los sistemas de raíces, fue suficientemente efectiva para prevenir el daño económico en la exposición de campo. Todos los clones resistentes CRN son de polen estéril. El germoplasma incluido en la lista está disponible para quien lo solicite.

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Brown, C.R., Mojtahedi, H., James, S. et al. Development and evaluation of potato breeding lines with introgressed resistance to Columbia root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi). Am. J. Pot Res 83, 1–8 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02869604

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