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A survey of black scale,Saissetia oleae [Hom.: Coccidae] parasitoids [Hym.: Chalcidoidea] in southern California

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Abstract

A survey of black scaleSaissetia oleae (Olivier) parasitoids present in southern California was conducted between September 1987 and September 1989. From 308 collections of black scale-infested citrus, olive, and oleander twigs from 19 sites in southern California, 1,610 specimens were collected. Nine primary and six secondary parasitoid species were identified. Four primary species were abundant in southern California:Metaphycus bartletti Annecke & Mynhardt,M. helvolus (Compere),Scutellista caerulea (Fonscolombe) (=S. cyanea Motschulsky), andDiversinervus elegans Silvestri. The most common secondary parasitoids wereMarietta mexicana (Howard),Cheiloneurus noxius Compere, andTetrastichus minutus (Howard).

In the coastal region of southern California,M. bartletti was the most abundant parasitoid, followed in order byD. elegans, S. Caerulea, andM. helvolus. In the intermediate and interior regions,M. helvolus was most abundant.D. elegans was second most abundant in the intermediate region, but was rare in the interior region.M. bartletti was second in abundance in the interior region and third in the intermediate region.

Résumé

Un examen d'ensemble des parasitoïdes de la Cochenille noireSaissetia oleae (Olivier), présents en Californie méridionale a été conduit entre septembre 1987 et septembre 1989. 1 610 spécimens ont été obtenus à partir de 308 récoltes de rameaux d'agrumes d'olivier et de laurier-rose, infestés de cochenille noire et provenant de 19 sites. Les spécimens consistaient en neuf espèces de parasitoïdes primaires et six espèces de parasitoïdes secondaires. Les quatre espèces primaires suivantes étaient abondantes en Californie méridionale:Metaphycus bartletti Annecke et Mynhardt,Metaphycus helvolus (Compere),Scutellista caerulea (Fonscolombe) (=Scutellista cyanea Motschulsky) etDiversinervus elegans Silvestri. Les parasitoïdes secondaires les plus communs étaientMarietta mexicana (Howard),Cheiloneurus noxius Compere etTetrastichus minutus (Howard).

Dans la région côtière du Sud de la Californie,M. bartletti était le parasitoïde le plus abondant, suivi dans l'ordre, parD. elegans, S. carulea etM. helvolus. Dans les régions intermédiaire et intérieure,M. helvolus était le plus abondant.D. elegans était second en abondance dans la région intermédiaire, mais rare dans la région intérieure.M. bartletti était second en abondance dans la région intérieure et troisième en abondance dans la région intermédiaire.

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  1. Department of Entomology, University of California, 92521, Riverside, CA, USA

    L. J. Lampson & J. G. Morse

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Lampson, L.J., Morse, J.G. A survey of black scale,Saissetia oleae [Hom.: Coccidae] parasitoids [Hym.: Chalcidoidea] in southern California. Entomophaga 37, 373–390 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02373111

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