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Nitrogen fixation associated with grasses and cereals: Recent results and perspectives for future research

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Abstract

Over the last few years research in the area of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) associated with cereals and grasses has become divided into two areas. On the one hand there have been a large number of reports of responses of field-grown plants to inoculation with N2-fixing bacteria, principallyAzospirillum spp. On the other hand there have been several reports of significant contributions of associated BNF to the nutrition of several crops, including wetland rice, sugar cane and some forage grasses. However, where BNF contributions have definitely been established no certain information is available as to the diazotrophic organisms responsible. Furthermore, certain recent reports indicate that, at least in some cases, responses of plants to inoculation withAzospirillum spp. have been shown not to be due to BNF contributions.

In this paper we review some recent progress in this field, particularly at our institute in Rio de Janeiro, concerning specificity of selected Azospirillum strains in the infection of cereal roots and the promotion of responses in the host plants. The possible mechanisms of plant response are discussed including the possibility that plant growth substances or bacterial nitrate reductase are involved. The application of15N and N balance techniques to the quantification of plant associated BNF are considered and the possible strategies that may be adopted to further the understanding of true N2-fixing plant/diazotroph associations.

The recent discovery of many more plant-associated N2-fixing bacteria suggests that further research in this area may eventually lead to the development of such associations with applications for agricultural productivity.

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  1. EMBRAPA-Programa Nacional de Pesquisa em Biologia do Solo, Km 47, Seropédica, 23851, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Boddey, R.M., Dobereiner, J. Nitrogen fixation associated with grasses and cereals: Recent results and perspectives for future research. Plant Soil 108, 53–65 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02370099

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