Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The kinetochore of the hemiptera

  • Published:
Chromosoma Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

  1. (1)

    Breakage of chromosomes was induced by X-rays in adult and nymphal males of Euschistus servus, E. tristigmus and Solubea pugnax (Pentatomidae; Hemiptera-Heteroptera).

  2. (2)

    The diffuse nature of the kinetochore is demonstrated by the ability of chromosome fragments to perpetuate themselves mitotically through many cell generations of spermatogonia.

  3. (3)

    Free fragments, when not immobilized by the effects of radiation, are also capable of meiotic mitosis. A holokinetic, rather than a telomeric, nature is thus demonstrated for the meiotic restriction of kinetochore activity to chromosome ends, normal for Heteroptera and certain other Hemiptera.

  4. (4)

    Simple fragmentation as a factor in the evolution of compound sex chromosomes is supported by the observation that fragments of the X chromosome co-orient with the Y in a typical “touch and go” pairing.

  5. (5)

    The results are discussed with relation to problems of kinetochore structure and mitosis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References Cited

  • Bayreuther, K.: Holokinetische Chromosomen bei Haematopinus suis (Anoplura, Haematopinidae). Chromosoma (Berl.) 7, 260–270 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castro, D., de, A. Camara and N. Malheiros: X-rays in the centromere problem of Luzula purpurea Link. Genet. iber. 1, 1–6 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dutt, M. K.: Chromosome structure and meiosis in a pentatomid bug. Experientia (Basel) 11, 223–227 (1955).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geitler, L.: Die Analyse des Kernbaus und der Kernteilung der Wasserläufer Gerris lateralis und Gerris lacustris (Hemiptera-Heteroptera) und die Somadifferenzierung. Z. Zellforsch. 26, 641–672 (1937).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —: Morphologie und Entwicklungsgeschichte der Zelle. Fortschr. Bot. 11, 1–13 (1944a).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —: Zur Kenntnis des Kern- und Chromosomenbaus der Heuschrecken und Wanzen. Chromosoma (Berl.) 2, 531–543 (1944b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —: Morphologie und Entwicklungsgeschichte der Zelle. Fortschr. Bot. 13, 1–22 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Halkka, O.: Studies on mitotic and meiotic cell divison in certain Hemiptera under normal and experimental conditions. Ann. Acad. Sci. fenn. A 32, 1–80 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heizer, P.: The chromosome cytology of two species of the Pacific genus Oechalia (Pentatomidae, Hemiptera-Heteroptera), Oechalia patruelis Stal and Oechalia pacifica Stal. J. Morph. 87, 179–226 (1950).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Helenius, O.: The mode of bivalent orientation in the Hemiptera. Hereditas (Lund) 38, 420–434 (1952).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes-Schrader, S.: The chromosomes of Nautococcus schraderae Vays., and the division figure of male llaveiine coccids. J. Morph. 70, 261–299 (1942).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —: The cytology of coccids. Advanc. Genet. 2, 127–203 (1948).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —: The chromosomes of the giant scale, Aspidoproctus maximus Louns. (Coccoidea-Margarodidae) with special reference to asynapsis and sperm formation. Chromosoma (Berl.) 7, 420–438 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —, and H. Ris: The diffuse spindle attachment of coccids, verified by the mitotic behavior of induced chromosome fragments. J. exp. Zool. 87, 429–456 (1941).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Illert, G.: Die Meiose in der Spermatogenese von Aphrophora salicina (Goeze). Chromosoma (Berl.) 7, 608–619 (1956).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, K. R., and G. E. Scudder: The chromosomes of Dicranocephalus agilis (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Cytologia (Tokyo) 23, 92–104 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lima-de-Faria, A.: Recent advances in the study of the kinetochore. Int. Rev. Cytol. 7, 123–157 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malheiros, N., D. de Castroó and A. Camaro: Cromosomas sem centrómero localizado. O caso de Luzula purpurea Link. Agron. Lusitana 9, 51–71 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendes, L. O. T.: Observacoes citologicas em Dysdercus. Bragantia 9, 53–57 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohr, O.: Studien über die Chromatinreifung der männlichen Geschlechtszellen bei Locusta viridissima. Arch. Biol. 29, 1–176 (1916).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mottier, D. M.: The behavior of the chromosomes in the spore mother cells of higher plants and the homology of the pollen and embryo-sac mother cells. Bot. Gaz. (Chicago) 35, 250–280 (1903).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parshad, R.: Cytological studies in Heteroptera II. Cytologia (Tokyo) 22, 127–135 (1957a).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —: Post-reductional m-chromosomes in the male Lanchnophorus singalensis Dohrn (Lygaeidae-Heteroptera). J. Genet. 55, 503–506 (1957b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —: Structure of the heteropteran kinetochore. Cytologia (Tokyo) 23, 25–32 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piza, S. de T.: Comportamento dos cromossomios na preimeira divisao dos espermatocitos do Tityus bahiensis. Sci. genet. (Torino) 1, 255–261 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: A case of spontaneous end-to-end permanent union of two non-homologous chromosomes in the Brazilian scorpion Tityus bahiensis accompanied by irregularities in pairing. Rev. Agric. 19, 133–147 (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Comportamento dos cromossomios na meiose de Euryophthalmus rufipennis Laporte (Hemiptera-Pyrrhocoridae). Ann. esc. Sup. Agric. 3, 28–54 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Oura Preto, nova e interessante raca cromossomica de Tityus bahiensis (Scorpiones-Buthidae). Sci. genet. (Torino) 3, 147–159 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Observacoes cromossomicas em escorpioes Brazileiros. Ciência e Cultura 2, 193–199 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Normally dicentric insect chromosomes. Proc. X. Internat. Congr. Entom. 2, 945–951 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao, S. R. V.: Notes on the chromosome structure of Eurybrachis. Genet. iber. 9, 283–292 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: The kinetochore problem in Hemiptera. Curr. Sci. 27, 303–304 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhoades, M. M.: Preferential segregation in maize. In: Heterosis, p. 66–80. Ames, Ia.: Iowa State College Press 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, and W. E. Kerr: A note on centromere organization. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 35, 129–132 (1949).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —, and H. Vilkomerson: On the anaphase movement of chromosomes. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 28, 433–436 (1942).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ris, H.: A cytological and experimental analysis of the meiotic behavior of the univalent X chromosome in the bearberry aphid Tamalia (=Phyllaphis) coweni (Ckll.). J. exp. Zool. 90, 267–330 (1942).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scholl, H.: Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Spermatogenese der Mallophagen. Chromosoma (Berl.) 7, 271–274 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schrader, F.: Recent hypotheses on the structure of spindles in the light of certain observations in Hemiptera. Z. Zool. 132, 520–539 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Notes on the mitotic behavior of long chromosomes. Cytologia (Tokyo) 6, 422–430 (1935).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —: The formation of tetrads and the meiotic mitoses in the male of Rhytidolomia senilis Say (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). J. Morph. 67, 123–141 (1940a).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —: Touch and go pairing in chromosomes. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 26, 634–636 (1940b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • - The sex chromosomes: Heteropycnosis and its bearing on some general questions of chromosome behavior. In : Cytology, Genetics and Evolution. Univ. Pa. Bicent. Conf., p. 27–37. Philadelphia 1941.

  • Seshachar, B. R., S. R. V. Rao and C. M. S. Dass: The kinetochore in Eurybrachis apicaulis (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha). Cytologia (Tokyo) 24, 335–341 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vaarama, A.: Cytological observations in Pleurozium schreberi, with special reference to centromere evolution. Ann. Bot. Soc. „Vanamo“ 28, 1–59 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zohary, D.: Secondary centric activity in Lilium formosanum. Amer. Naturalist 89, 50–52 (1955).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Duke University Durham, North Carolina, USA

    Sally Hughes-Schrader & Franz Schrader

Authors
  1. Sally Hughes-Schrader
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Franz Schrader
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hughes-Schrader, S., Schrader, F. The kinetochore of the hemiptera. Chromosoma 12, 327–350 (1961). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00328928

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00328928

Keywords

Search

Navigation