Summary
The effects of choline (Ch) on the spontaneous release of endogenous 7-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and of 3H-GABA were studied in superfused rat hippocampal synaptosomes. Choline enhanced in a concentration-dependent way the release of endogenous GABA but did not affect that of the radioactive aminoacid. The effect of Ch was not antagonized by atropine or mecamylamine; moreover, it was not mimicked by acetylcholine, oxotremorine or carbachol. The Ch-induced GABA release was counteracted by hemicholinium-3. Thus the release of endogenously synthesized GABA (but not that of the aminoacid taken up) may be regulated by Ch through a mechanism involving penetration into the releasing terminal through a Ch uptake system.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abe M, Matsuda M (1983) On the existence of two GABA pools associated with newly synthesized GABA and with newly taken up GABA in nerve terminals. Neurochem Res 8:563–573
Bonanno G, Raiteri M (1986) GABA enhances acetylcholine release from hippocampal nerve endings through a mechanism blocked by a GABA uptake inhibitor. Neurosci Lett 70: 360–363
Brashear HR, Zaborszky L, Heimer L (1986) Distribution of GABAergic and cholinergic neurons in the rat diagonal band. Neuroscience 17:439–451
Chesselet MF (1984) Presynaptic regulation of neurotransmitter release in the brain: facts and hypothesis. Neuroscience 12:347–375
Cuello AC, ed (1982) Co-transmission. Mac Millan Press, London
Enna SJ, Snyder SH (1976) A simple, sensitive and specific radioreceptor assay for endogenous GABA in brain tissue. J Neurochem 26:221–224
Gardner CR, Richards MH (1981) Presence of radiolabelled metabolites in release studies using [3H] γ-aminobutyric acid. J Neurochem 36:1590–1593
Gray EG, Whittaker VP (1962) The isolation of nerve endings from brain: an electron microscopic study of cell fragments derived by homogenization and centrifugation. J Anat 96:79–87
Henn FA, Anderson DJ, Rustad DG (1976) Glial contamination of synaptosomal fractions. Brain Res 101: 341–344
Hökfelt T, Johansson O, Ljungdahl Å, Lundberg JM, Schultzberg M (1980) Peptidergic neurones. Nature 284:515–521
Holz RW, Senter RH (1981) Choline stimulates nicotinic receptors on adrenal medullary chromaffin cells to induce catecholamine secretion. Science 214:466–468
Iversen LL (1971) Role of transmitter uptake mechanisms in synaptic neurotransmission. Br J Pharmacol 41: 571–591
Kilbinger H, Kruel R (1981) Choline inhibits acetylcholine release via presynaptic muscarinic receptors. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 316:131–134
Kuriyama K, Kanmori K, Taguchi J, Yoneda Y (1984) Stress-induced enhancement of suppression of [3H]GABA release from striatal slices by presynaptic autoreceptor. J Neurochem 42: 943–950
Langer SZ (1981) Presynaptic regulation of the release of catecholamines. Pharmacol Rev 32:337–362
Levi G, Gallo V, Raiteri M (1980) A reevaluation of veratridine as a tool for studying the depolarization-induced release of neurotransmitters from nerve endings. Neurochem Res 5:281–295
Orrego F, Miranda R (1976) Electrically induced release of [3H]GABA from neocortical thin slices. Effect of stimulus waveform and of amino-oxyacetic acid. J Neurochem 26: 1033–1038
Raiteri M, Levi G (1978) Release mechanisms for catecholamines and serotonin in synaptosomes. In: Ehrenpreis S, Kopin I (eds) Reviews of neuroscience, vol III. Raven Press, New York, pp 77–130
Raiteri M, Angelini F, Levi G (1974) A simple apparatus for studying the release of neurotransmitters from synaptosomes. Eur J Pharmacol 25:411–414
Raiteri M, Marchi M, Maura G (1984a) Release of catecholamines, serotonin, and acetylcholine from isolated brain tissue. In: Lajtha A (ed) Handbook of neurochemistry, vol 6. Plenum, New York, pp 431–462
Raiteri M, Bonanno G, Marchi M, Maura G (1984b) Is there a functional linkage between neurotransmitter uptake mechanisms and presynaptic receptors? J Pharmacol Exp Ther 231:671–677
Starke K (1981) Presynaptic receptors. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 21:7–30
Szerb JC (1983) The release of 3H-GABA formed from 3H-glutamate in rat hippocampal slices: comparison with endogenous and exogenous labeled GABA. Neurochem Res 8:341–351
Tonnaer JADM, Engels GMH, Wiegant VM, Burbach JPH, De Jong W, De Wied D (1983) Proteolytic conversion of angiotensins in rat brain tissue. Eur J Biochem 131:415–421
van der Heyden JAM, Venema K, Korf J (1980) In vivo release of endogenous γ-aminobutyric acid from rat striatum: effects of muscimol, oxotremorine, and morphine. J Neurochem 34: 1648–1653
Walaas I (1983) The hippocampus. In: Emson PC (ed) Chemical neuroanatomy. Raven Press, New York, pp 337–358
Wong TY, Hoffmann D, Dreyfus H, Louis JC, Massarelli R (1982) Efflux of choline from neurons and glia in culture. Neurosci Lett 29:293–296
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Send offprint requests to M. Raiteri
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pittaluga, A., Raiteri, M. Choline increases endogenous GABA release in rat hippocampus by a mechanism sensitive to hemicholinium-3. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 336, 327–331 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00172686
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00172686