Abstract
The main developments to date in the application of computers to careers guidance are reviewed. Brief descriptions are offered of developments in North America and in Europe generally, with a more detailed account of developments in Britain. The paper examines ways in which the relationship of computers to traditional guidance services can be conceived: as a tool, as an alternative, and as a change agent. Finally, some implications for the role of the careers counsellor are considered.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Butler, A.M., and Dowsey, M.W. (1978). Using a Computer with a Careers Education Model of Guidance: the Interactive Careers Guidance System. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 51(1)
Careers Service Branch (1985): The careers Service in 1983–84. London: Department of Employment.
Chapman, W., and Katz, M.R. (1983): Career Information Systems in Secondary Schools: a Survey and Assessment. Vocational Guidance Quarterly 31(3).
Closs, S.J. (1983): The Effective Use of the Computer in Careers Education and Guidance — an Evaluation in Scotland. International Review of Applied Psychology, 32.
Closs, S.J. (1986): Current and Future Development of the JIIG-CAL Syste. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 14(1).
French, C.C. (1986): Microcomputers and Psychometric Assessment. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 14(1).
Handy, C. (1984): The Future of Work. Oxford: Blackwell.
Harris-Bowlsbey, J. (1984a): The Computer and Career Development. Journal of Counseling and Development, 63(3).
Harris-Bowlsbey, J. (1984b): The Computer as a Tool in Career Guidance Programs. In Gysbers, N.C., et al.: Designing Careers. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Holti, R., and Stern, E. (1984): Social Aspects of New Information Technology in the UK. London: Tavistock Institute of Human Relations. (mimeo).
Jacobson, M.D., and Grabowski, B.T. (181/82): Computerised Systems of Career Information and Guidance: a State-of-the-Art. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 10 (3).
Katz, M.R., and Shatkin, L. (1983): Characteristics of Computer-Assisted Guidance. The Counseling Psychologist, 11(4).
Pierce-Price, R.P. (1983): Report on the Feasibility of Developing a Computer-Aided Career Guidance System for Use in Higher Education, Including a Proposed Functional Specification for the System. London: The City University, (mimeo).
Roberts, C.P., and Witherspoon, J.F. (1978): The Leicestershire Careers Advisory Service Computer Aid: CASCAID. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 51(1).
Russel, P. (1984): The Awakening Earth. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, (first published 1982).
Sampson, J.P. (1983): Computer-Assisted Testing and Assessment: Current Status and Implications for the Future. Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance, 15(3).
Sampson, J.P. (1984): The Use of Computers. In Burck, H.D., and Reardon, R.C. (eds.): Career Development Interventions. Springfield, Illinois: Thomas.
Sampson, J.P., and Pyle, K.R. (1983): Ethical Issues Involved with the Use of Computer-Assisted Counseling, Testing, and Guidance Systems. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 61(5).
Sampson, J.P., and Stripling, R.O. (1979): Strategies for Counselor Intervention with a Computer Assisted Career Guidance System. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 27(3).
Snipes, J.K., and McDaniels, C. (1981): Theoretical Foundations for Career Information Delivery Systems. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 29(4).
Truax, C.B., and Carkhuff, R.R. (1967): Toward Effective Counseling and Psychotherapy. Chicago: Aldine.
Wagman, M. (1984): Using Computers in Personal Counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development, 63(3).
Walz, G. (1984): Role of the Counselor with Computers. Journal of Counseling and Development, 63(3).
Watts, A.G. (1975): The IBM/Cheshire Interactive Careers Guidance Project: an Independent Review. IBM Scientific Centre Report UKSC-0072. Peterlee, Co. Durham: IBM.
Watts, A.G. (1977): Careers Education in Higher Education: Principles and Practice. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 5(2).
Watts, A.G. (1978): Using Computers in Careers Guidance in Schools. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 51(1).
Watts, A.G. (ed.) (1983a): Work Experience and Schools. London: Heinemann.
Watts, A.G. (1983b): Education, Unemployment and the Future of Work. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.
Watts, A.G., and Ballantine, M. (1983): Computers in Careers Guidance: the British Experience. The Counseling Psychologist, 11(4).
White, D. (1985): Micro-Computer Software for Use in Guidance and Careers Education. Newscheck. 2(6).
Wooler, S. (1985): Let the Decision Maker Decide!: a Case Against Assuming Common Occupational Value Structures. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 58(3).
Wooler, S., and Lewis, B. (1982): Computer-Assisted Careers Counselling: a New Approach British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 10(2).
Wooler, S., and Wisudha, A. (1985): An Educational Approach to Designing Computer-Based Career Guidance Systems. British Journal of Educational Technology, 16(2).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This paper was delivered to a conference organised for the European Commission by the National Institute for Curriculum Development in the Netherlands, and held in Brussels, Belgium, on 4–6 November 1985.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Watts, A.G. The role of the computer in careers guidance. Int J Adv Counselling 9, 145–158 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00129409
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00129409