Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Monitoring genetic fidelity vs somaclonal variation in Norway spruce (Picea abies) somatic embryogenesis by RAPD analysis

  • Published:
Euphytica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Somaclonal variation, which is a welcome source of genetic variation for crop breeding, is unwanted when direct regenerants have to be used in tissue culture mass propagation (eg. in many forest trees), or in the regeneration of genetically transformed plants. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyse somatic embryos and plants regenerated from embryogenic cell lines in Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst. RAPD facilitated the identification of clones, as material from the same cell lines shared identical patterns of amplified fragments, whereas regenerants from different cell lines were easily distinguishable by their respective patterns. For comparisons with explant donor genotypes, cell lines were initiated from cotyledons. Some of the seedlings that had parts of their cotyledons removed were grown on as control plants. Somatic embryos regenerated from cotyledon cell lines showed no aberrations in RAPD banding patterns with respect to donor plants. We conclude that gross somaclonal variation is absent in our plant regeneration system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ESM:

embryogenic suspensor mass

RAPD:

random amplified polymorphic DNA

RFLP:

restriction fragment length polymorphism

(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid:

2,4-D

1-naphthaleneacetic acid:

NAA

References

  • Attree S.M. & L.C. Fowke, 1993. Embryogeny of gymnosperms: advances in synthetic seed technology of conifers. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 35: 1–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bebeli P.J., A. Karp & P.J. Kaltsikes, 1990. Somaclonal variation from cultured immature embryos of sister lines of rye differing in heterochromatin content. Genome 33: 177–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becwar M.R., 1993. Conifer somatic embryogenesis and clonal forestry. p. 200–223. In: M.R. Ahuja & W.J. Libby (Eds). Clonal Forestry I. Springer, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becwar M.R., T.L. Noland & S.R. Wann, 1987. Somatic embryo development and plant regeneration from embryogenic Norway spruce callus. TAPPI J. 70: 155–160.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breiman A., T. Felsenburg & E. Galun, 1987. Nor loci analysis in progenies of plants regenerated from the scutellar callus of bread-wheat. A molecular approach to evaluate somaclonal variation. Theor. Appl. Genet. 73: 827–831.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brettell R.I.S., M.A. Pallotta, J.P. Gustafson & R. Appels, 1986. Variation at the Nor loci in triticale derived from tissue culture. Theor. Appl. Genet. 71: 637–643.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown P.T.H., 1991. The spectrum of molecular changes associated with somaclonal variation. IAPTC Newsletter 66: 14–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown P.T.H., E. Goebel & H. Loerz, 1991. RFLP analysis of Zea mays callus cultures and their regenerated plants. Theor. Appl. Genet. 81: 227–232.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Butigereit, J., 1991. Somatische Embryogenese bei Picea abies (L.) Karst. Vienna, University of Vienna, Dissertation.

  • Cactano-Anollés, G., B.J. Bassam & P.M. Gresshoff, 1993. Enhanced detection of polymorphic DNA. Mol. Gen. Genet. in press.

  • Carlson J.E., L.K. Tulsieram, J.C. Glaubitz, V.W.K. Luk, C. Kauffeidt & R. Rutledge, 1991. Segregation of random amplified DNA markers in F1 progeny of conifers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 83: 194–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eastman P.A.K., F.B. Webster, J.A. Pitel & D.R. Roberts, 1991. Evaluation of somaclonal variation during somatic embryogenesis of interior spruce (Picea glauca engelmanni complex) using culture morphology and isozyme analysis. Plant Cell Rep. 10: 425–430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta P.K., G. Pullman, R. Timmis, M. Kreitinger, W.C. Carlson, J. Grob & E. Welty, 1993. Forestry in the 21 st century. The biotechnology of somatic embryogenesis. Biotechnology 11: 454–459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hakman I., L.C. Fowke, S.von Arnold & T. Eriksson, 1985. The development of somatic embryos in tissue cultures initiated from immature embryos of Picea abies (Norway spruce). Plant Sci. 38: 53–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harada T., K. Matsukawa, T. Sato, R. Ishikawa, M. Niizeki & K. Saito, 1993. DNA-RAPDs detect genetic variation and patemity in Malus. Euphytica 65: 87–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heinze, B., 1993. Genetic stability in Norway spruce somatic embryogenesis as analysed by randomly amplified DNA. Vienna, Universität für Bodenkultur, Dissertation.

  • Heinze B., 1994. RAPD reactions from crude plant DNA: Adding RNase A as a ‘helper enzyme’. Mol. Biotechnol. 1: 307–310.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isaoel N., L. Tremblay, M. Michaud, F.M. Tremblay & J. Bousquet, 1993. RAPDs as an aid to evaluate the genetic integrity of somatic embryogenesis-derived populations of Picea mariana (Mill). BSP. Theor. Appl. Genet. 86: 81–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein-Lankhorst R.M., A. Vermunt, R. Weide, T. Liharska & P. Zabel, 1991. Isolation of molecular markers for tomato (L. escuientum) using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Theor. Appl. Genet. 83: 108–114.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krogstrup P., 1986. Embryolike structures from cotyledons and ripe embryos of Norway spruce (Picea abies). Can. J. For. Res. 16: 664–668.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larkin P.J. & W.R. Scowcroft, 1981. Somaclonal variation—a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement. Theor. Appl. Genet. 60: 197–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lelu M.-A., 1987. Variations morphologiques et genetiques chez Picea abies obtenues apres embryogenese somatique. Ann. AFOCEL 1987: 35–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lelu, M.A., M. Boulay & Y. Arnaud, 1987. Obtention de cals embryogenes a partir de cotyledons de Picea abies (L.) Karst. preleves sur de jeunes plantes agees de 3 a 7 jours apres germination. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris t. 305 Serie III: 105–109.

  • Mo L.H., S.von Arnold & U. Lagercrantz, 1989. Morphogenic and genetic stability in longterm embryogenic cultures and somatic embryos of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Plant Cell Rep. 8: 375–378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mulcahy D.L., M. Cresti, S. Sansavini, G.C. Douglas, H.F. Linskens, G.B. Mulcahy, R. Vignani & M. Pancaldi, 1993. The use of random amplified polymorphic DNAs to fingerprint apple genotypes. Sci. Hort. Amsterdam 54: 89–96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pikaart M.J. & B. Villeponteau, 1993. Suppression of PCR amplification by high levels of RNA. Bio Techniques 14: 24–27.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rafalski A., S. Tingey & J.G.K. Williams, 1993. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. p. 1–9. In: S.B. Gelvin, R.A. Schilperoort & D.P.S. Verma (Eds). Plant Molecular Biology Manual. Kluwer, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts D.R., F.B. Webster, B.S. Flinn, W.R. Lazaroff & D.R. Cyr, 1993. Somatic embryogenesis of spruce. p. 427–450. In: K. Redenbaugh (Ed). Synseeds. CRC Press, Boca Raton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts D.R., B.C.S. Sutton & B.S. Flinn, 1990. Synchronous and high frequency germination of interior spruce somatic embryos following partial drying at high relative humidity. Can. J. Bot. 68: 1086–1090.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shenoy V.B. & I.K. Vasil, 1992. Biochemical and molecular analysis of plants derived from embryogenic tissue cultures of napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum K. Schum). Theor. Appl. Genet. 83: 947–955.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Son S.H., H.K. Moon & R.B. Hall, 1993. Somaclonal variation in plants regenerated from callus culture of hybrid aspen (Populus alba L. × P. grandidentata Michx). Plant Sci. 90: 89–94.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stiles J.I., C. Lemme, S. Sondur, M.B. Morshidi & R. Manshardt, 1993. Using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA for evaluating genetic relationships among papaya cultivars. Theor. Appl. Genet. 85: 697–701.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torres A.M., T. Millan & J.I. Cubero, 1993. Identifying rose cultivars using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. HortScience 28: 333–334.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tulsieram L.K., J.C. Glaubitz, G. Kiss & J.E. Carlson, 1992. Single tree genetic linkage mapping in conifers using haploid DNA from megagametophytes. Biotechnology 10: 686–690.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vierling R.A. & H.T. Nguygen, 1992. Use of RAPD markers to determine the genetic diversity of diploid, wheat genotypes. Theor. Appl. Genet. 84: 835–838.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • von Arnold S. & I. Hakman, 1988. Regulation of somatic embryo development in Picea abies by abscisic acid (ABA). J. Plant Physiol. 132: 164–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welsh J. & M. McClelland, 1990. Fingerprinting genomes using PCR with arbitrary primers. Nucl. Acid. Res. 18: 7213–7218.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilde J., R. Waugh & W. Powell, 1992. Genetic fingerprinting of Theobroma clones using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 83: 871–877.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams C.E. & D.A.St. Clair, 1993. Phenetic relationships and levels of variability detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of cultivated and wild accessions of Lycopersicon esculentum. Genome 36: 619–630.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams J.G.K., A.R. Kubelik, K.J. Livak, J.A. Rafalski & S.V. Tingey, 1990. DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucl. Acid. Res. 18: 6531–6535.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. Berthold Heinze

    Present address: Institute of Forest Genetics, Federal Forest Research Centre, Hauptstrasse 7, A-1140, Vienna, Austria

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biotechnology Department, Austrian Research Centre, A-2444, Seibersdorf, Austria

    Berthold Heinze & Josef Schmidt

Authors
  1. Berthold Heinze
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Josef Schmidt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Heinze, B., Schmidt, J. Monitoring genetic fidelity vs somaclonal variation in Norway spruce (Picea abies) somatic embryogenesis by RAPD analysis. Euphytica 85, 341–345 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00023965

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00023965

Key words

Search

Navigation