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COVID-19 Pandemic and Urban Air Quality: Delhi Region

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COVID 19, Containment, Life, Work and Restart

Part of the book series: Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements ((ACHS))

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemic hit the world bringing socio-economic and cultural shutdown of activities. The curse was a blessing to the environment in terms of significant air quality improvements. The study uses geospatial technology for assessing the reduction in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels and aerosol optical depth (AOD) levels using satellite-based (Sentinel-5P TROPOMI and MODIS data, respectively) and ground-based (Central Pollution Control Board, etc.) observations of 2019 and 2020. The study examines the lockdown period-wise reductions in ambient air pollution in the Delhi Region- the capital of India. It was investigated that satellite observations recorded a reduction of 51% in NO2 during lockdown phase-1 as compared to the pre-lockdown phase in 2020. When compared with 2019, the maximum reduction of 66.5% was seen in the lockdown phase-1, with p < 0.001. The ground-based stations also showed a 61% reduction in daily NO2 during lockdown phase-1 and phase-2 as compared to 2019. There is a drop in AOD by 55, 24 and 30% in lockdown phase-1, lockdown phase-2 and lockdown phase-3 w.r.t. pre-lockdown phases. However, an increase of 30% is observed during the post-lockdown phase of 2020 w.r.t. pre-lockdown phase. Ground-based stations ascertained that the reduction of 66, 60, 53 and 14% was observed in 2020 in the lockdown phases 1, 2 and 3 and post-lockdown phase w.r.t. pre-lockdown phase of 2020. Additionally, there is a 14, 56, 41, 39 and 3% reduction during the pre-lockdown, lockdown 1, lockdown 2, lockdown 3 and post-lockdown phase of 2020 w.r.t. similar periods of 2019. It was highlighted that environmental degradation can be mitigated with such stringent measures by policymakers from time to time to protect the deteriorating environment.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the European Space Agency (ESA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for providing requisite datasets (TROPOMI Sentinel-5P and Aura OMI) for the analysis. We are grateful to Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for providing requisite support during the analysis of secondary data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Urban and Regional Studies Department, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Indian Space Research Organisation, 4-Kalidas Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India

    Asfa Siddiqui, Suvankar Halder & Pramod Kumar

  2. Department of Architecture and Planning, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India

    V. Devadas

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  1. Asfa Siddiqui
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  2. Suvankar Halder
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  3. V. Devadas
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  4. Pramod Kumar
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Correspondence to Asfa Siddiqui .

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  1. Urban Planning, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    T. M. Vinod Kumar

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Annexure: List of the Ground-Based Air Quality Monitoring Stations in the Delhi Region

Annexure: List of the Ground-Based Air Quality Monitoring Stations in the Delhi Region

Site no.

Site name

Agency

State

1

Alipur

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

2

Anand Vihar

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

3

Arya Nagar, Bahadurgarh

Haryana State Pollution Control Board

Haryana

4

Ashok Vihar

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

5

Aya Nagar

India Meteorological Department

Delhi

6

Bawana

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

7

Burari Crossing

India Meteorological Department

Delhi

8

Chandni Chowk

Indian Institute Of Tropical Meteorology

Delhi

9

CRRI Mathura Road

India Meteorological Department

Delhi

10

Dr. Karni Singh

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

11

DTU

Central Pollution Control Board

Delhi

12

Dwarka-Sector 8

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

13

East Arjun Nagar

Central Pollution Control Board

Delhi

14

IGI Airport (T3)

India Meteorological Department

Delhi

15

IHBAS

Central Pollution Control Board

Delhi

16

ITO

Central Pollution Control Board

Delhi

17

Jahangirpuri

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

18

JLN Stadium

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

19

Knowledge Park—V

Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board

U.P

20

Lodhi Road-IITM

Indian Institute Of Tropical Meteorology

Delhi

21

Lodhi Road-IMD

India Meteorological Department

Delhi

22

Major Dhyan

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

23

Mandir Marg

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

24

Mundka

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

25

Najafgarh

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

26

Narela

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

27

Nathu Colony

Haryana State Pollution Control Board

Haryana

28

Nehru Nagar

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

29

New Industrial Town, Faridabad

Haryana State Pollution Control Board

Haryana

30

NISE Gwal Pahari

India Meteorological Department

Haryana

31

North Campus, DU

India Meteorological Department

Delhi

32

NSIT Dwarka

Central Pollution Control Board

Delhi

33

Okhla Phase-2

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

34

Patparganj

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

35

Punjabi Bagh

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

36

Pusa, DPCC

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

37

R K Puram

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

38

Sector-125, Noida

Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board

U.P

39

Sector-62, Noida

India Meteorological Department

U.P

40

Sector 11, Faridabad

Haryana State Pollution Control Board

Haryana

41

Sector-16A, Faridabad

Haryana State Pollution Control Board

Haryana

42

Sector 30, Faridabad

Haryana State Pollution Control Board

Haryana

43

Sector-1, Noida

Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board

U.P

44

Sector-116, Noida

Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board

U.P

45

Sector-2 IMT, Manesar

Haryana State Pollution Control Board

Haryana

46

Sector-51, Gurugram

Haryana State Pollution Control Board

Haryana

47

Rohini

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

48

Shadipur

Central Pollution Control Board

Delhi

49

Sirifort

Central Pollution Control Board

Delhi

50

Sonia Vihar

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

51

Teri Gram, Gurugram

Haryana State Pollution Control Board

Haryana

52

Vikas Sadan, Gurugram

Haryana State Pollution Control Board

Haryana

53

Sri Aurobindo Marg

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

54

Vivek Vihar

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

55

Wazirpur

Delhi Pollution Control Committee

Delhi

56

Vasundhara, Ghaziabad

Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board

U.P

57

Indirapuram, Ghaziabad

Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board

U.P

58

Knowledge Park—III

Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board

U.P

59

Loni, Ghaziabad

Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board

U.P

60

Sanjay Nagar, Ghaziabad

Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board

U.P

61

Pusa, IMD

India Meteorological Department

Delhi

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Siddiqui, A., Halder, S., Devadas, V., Kumar, P. (2022). COVID-19 Pandemic and Urban Air Quality: Delhi Region. In: Vinod Kumar, T.M. (eds) COVID 19, Containment, Life, Work and Restart. Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6183-0_2

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