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Metal Toxicity and Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants: An Overview

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Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Soil

Abstract

Heavy metal pollution has emerged as a severe threat to the environment as well as global food security. Exposure of plants to the heavy metals could cause perturbations in various physiological, biochemical, and metabolic processes including nitrogen (N) uptake and assimilation. Here, we discussed the effects of metal toxicity on N uptake, N forms, mechanism of metal toxicity, and nitrogen assimilation in plants. We provided a detailed description on the behavior of various enzymes including nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) under metal toxicity. We highlighted the response of various nitrogenous compounds and their special role under metal toxicity. In addition, we discussed the effects of excess metals on N fixation in plants and provided the guidelines for further studies.

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Abbreviations

As:

Arsenic

Cd:

Cadmium

Cu:

Copper

Fe:

Iron

GB:

Glycine betaine

GDH:

Glutamate dehydrogenase

Gln:

Glutamine

Glu:

Glutamate

GOGAT:

Glutamate synthase

GS:

Glutamine synthetase

Hg:

Mercury

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

Mn:

Manganese

Mo:

Molybdenum

N:

Nitrogen

NH4 + :

Ammonium

Ni:

Nickel

NiR:

Nitrite reductase

NO3 − :

Nitrate

NR:

Nitrate reductase

Pb:

Lead

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SH:

Sulfhydryl

V:

Vanadium

Zn:

Zinc

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

    Saddam Hussain, Abdul Khaliq & Sadam Hussain

  2. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China

    Mehmood Ali Noor

  3. Tasmania Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia

    Mohsin Tanveer

  4. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China

    Hafiz Athar Hussain

  5. Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Wuhan, China

    Tariq Shah

  6. Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China

    Tariq Mehmood

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  1. Department of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic

    Rahul Datta

  2. Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Swaroop Meena

  3. Department of Agrifood and Environmental Science (DISPAA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    Shamina Imran Pathan

  4. DAGRI – Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    Maria Teresa Ceccherini

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Hussain, S. et al. (2020). Metal Toxicity and Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants: An Overview. In: Datta, R., Meena, R., Pathan, S., Ceccherini, M. (eds) Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Soil. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7264-3_7

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