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Genomic Features and Regulation of Phenazine Biosynthesis in the Rhizosphere Strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa M18

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Microbial Phenazines

Abstract

The genome of the rhizosphere strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa M18 contains specific accessory regions that benefit survival in rhizosphere niches in addition to the conserved core genome. The M18 genome contains two homologous phz gene clusters, phzA1-GI (phz1) and phzA2-G2 (phz2), each of which encodes essential enzymes responsible for phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) production. There exists a regulatory feedback loop of the two phz gene clusters, which are oppositely controlled directly by RsmA-mediated activity. Expression of the two phz gene clusters also is oppositely regulated by temperature: the phz2 cluster is more highly expressed at 28 °C, while the phz1 cluster is expressed more highly at 37 °C. The gene phzM, involved in the conversion of PCA to pyocyanin (PYO), is less efficiently expressed at 28 °C in a temperature-dependent and strain-specific manner, resulting predominantly in the production of PCA rather than PYO in M18. The genome was systematically engineered based on genetic regulation of the phz gene clusters and fermentation was optimized using surface response methodology. PCA yield in the modified strain can reach more than 5 g per liter during a 72 h fermentation. A new antifungal pesticide, Shenqinmeisu, with PCA as one of its main components, was first registered in China in 2011 and has been widely applied in commercial farm fields to protect rice and vegetables against diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and other phytopathogens. Sales in China have reached over 2.2 million US dollars during the last 2 years.

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Yuquan Xu

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  1. School of Life Sciences, Department of Microbiology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India

    Sudhir Chincholkar

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA

    Linda Thomashow

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Xu, Y. (2013). Genomic Features and Regulation of Phenazine Biosynthesis in the Rhizosphere Strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa M18. In: Chincholkar, S., Thomashow, L. (eds) Microbial Phenazines. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40573-0_9

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