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Phenazines in the Environment: Microbes, Habitats, and Ecological Relevance

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Microbial Phenazines

Abstract

Phenazines, the pigmented, redox-active metabolites produced by certain fluorescent pseudomonads, streptomycetes, and members of a few other bacterial genera, have long been recognized for their broad-spectrum antibiotic activity. Much has been learned in recent years about the synthesis of these compounds and the diverse roles they play in the physiology of the microorganisms that produce them, but surprisingly little is known about their presence and turnover in natural ecosystems or their significance in microbial habitats. Phenazine producers are found throughout nature in association with plant and animal hosts and in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats, and may reach sufficient numbers that the phenazines they produce can be extracted directly from environmental samples. This chapter focuses on recent reports that highlight the diversity of habitats from which phenazine producers have been recovered and the significance of the phenazines they produce in the ecosystems in which they reside.

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Acknowledgments

Parts of this work were supported by USDA-NRI Grant No. 2011-67019-30212 from the USDA-NIFA Soil Processes program. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. I thank Dr. David Weller for review comments and Dr. Dmitri Mavrodi for translation of information provided by Dr. V. V. Kochetkov.

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  1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6430, USA

    Linda S. Thomashow

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Correspondence to Linda S. Thomashow .

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  1. School of Life Sciences, Department of Microbiology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India

    Sudhir Chincholkar

  2. Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA

    Linda Thomashow

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Thomashow, L.S. (2013). Phenazines in the Environment: Microbes, Habitats, and Ecological Relevance. In: Chincholkar, S., Thomashow, L. (eds) Microbial Phenazines. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40573-0_10

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