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Animal Models of Corticosteroid-Associated Bone Diseases

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Osteonecrosis

Abstract

Osteonecrosis is a disease that is characterized by lesions of dead bone, most frequently detected in the subchondral bone of the convex side of the major diarthrodial joints (hips, knees, shoulders, and talus). High-dose corticosteroid therapy is one major risk factor for osteonecrosis. The pathological appearance of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, however, is fairly consistent regardless of the etiology. Depending on the stage of the disease, this includes evidence of bone marrow edema, lipocyte and bone cell necrosis, fibrosis, creeping substitution (new bone lying on dead bone), and the presence of osteoporosis [1]. Hemorrhage within the bone marrow compartment has also been observed in patient specimens from corticosteroid-associated osteonecrosis [2]. Previous investigators have suggested that corticosteroid-associated osteonecrosis has more rapid progression than other etiologies [1, 3]. The mechanisms involved in the development of osteonecrosis [ON] are difficult to explore from clinical samples as they provide a single snapshot at one time point subsequent to the onset of the disease, usually months after the onset of the disease when the symptoms first appear. While some investigators have used corticosteroid-associated animal models to evaluate different potential treatments [4–6], it is not clear whether the results can be extrapolated to the human condition. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms is needed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Osteonecrosis Research and Education, Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Lynne C. Jones

  2. Johns Hopkins Orthopaedics, 601 N. Caroline St., JHOC 5255, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA

    Lynne C. Jones

  3. Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA

    Michelle A. Tucci

  4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Azeb Haile & Dongqing Wang

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  1. Lynne C. Jones
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  2. Michelle A. Tucci
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  3. Azeb Haile
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  4. Dongqing Wang
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Correspondence to Lynne C. Jones .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Kyonggi-do, Korea, Republic of (South Korea)

    Kyung-Hoi Koo

  2. Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Center for Joint Preservation and Replacement, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Michael A. Mont

  3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Lynne C. Jones

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Jones, L.C., Tucci, M.A., Haile, A., Wang, D. (2014). Animal Models of Corticosteroid-Associated Bone Diseases. In: Koo, KH., Mont, M., Jones, L. (eds) Osteonecrosis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35767-1_64

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35767-1_64

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