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Insect-Fungus Interactions in Dead Wood Systems

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Saproxylic Insects

Part of the book series: Zoological Monographs ((ZM,volume 1))

Abstract

Fungi can provide insects with nutrients and essential elements, detoxify plant defenses in recently dead wood, and protect or, in contrast, attack and digest insects. Insects can affect fungi through feeding or propagule dispersal. Fungal grazing may induce changes in fungal chemistry, morphology, and growth. Insect-fungus interactions in dead wood span a wide gradient of specificity from indirect interactions through shared habitats to obligate mutualisms. When based on insects reared from polypores, insect-fungi interaction networks may exhibit a degree of specialization similar to that of pollinators and plants , whereas when based on wood-decay fungi isolated from insects sampled at dead wood, the degree of specialization appears closer to animal-mediated seed dispersal. Exchange of dispersal and nutrition is the basis for most obligate insect-fungus mutualisms. Adaptations to these mutualisms seem to have evolved rapidly, and for some insects there has been a feedback between the evolution of fungus farming and sociality. Several recent studies indicate that insect-vectored dispersal might be an important complement to wind dispersal also for non-mutualistic saproxylic fungi, potentially providing targeted dispersal to suitable substrates. We propose a theoretical framework for the effectiveness of insect-vectored spore dispersal. Insect-fungus interactions are an essential component of forest ecosystems, influencing species richness, wood decay, and nutrient cycling. Several aspects of insect-fungus interactions are unknown and require further study, but availability and development of molecular methods may rapidly advance this field of research.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    A fungus spore-carrying organ was first discovered and termed mycetangium by Francke-Grosmann (1956). Batra (1963) coined the term mycangium for the same structure. Although mycangium is now commonly used in the literature, it is incorrect from an etymological point of view [see discussion about this in Francke-Grosmann (1967)]. Therefore, we use mycetangium in our research and suggest others to do so too.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Aas, Norway

    Tone Birkemoe, Rannveig M. Jacobsen & Anne Sverdrup-Thygeson

  2. Research Group Insect-Fungus Symbiosis, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

    Peter H. W. Biedermann

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  1. Tone Birkemoe
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  2. Rannveig M. Jacobsen
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  3. Anne Sverdrup-Thygeson
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  4. Peter H. W. Biedermann
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Correspondence to Tone Birkemoe .

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  1. Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Athens, Georgia, USA

    Michael D. Ulyshen

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Birkemoe, T., Jacobsen, R.M., Sverdrup-Thygeson, A., Biedermann, P.H.W. (2018). Insect-Fungus Interactions in Dead Wood Systems. In: Ulyshen, M. (eds) Saproxylic Insects. Zoological Monographs, vol 1. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75937-1_12

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