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Electrical Properties of Nanowires and Nanofibers

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Handbook of Nanofibers

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the electrical properties of nanowires, nanofibers, and nanotubes made from a variety of materials. First a short review of their morphologies and composition is presented, emphasizing the wide variety of elements and compounds able to be fabricated as long-aspect ratio nanomaterials. Research of nanowires and nanofibers indicates that depending on their composition and dimensions, they can either be insulating, semiconducting, metallic, or superconducting. Several interesting effects appearing at nanoscale are discussed, among which proximity-induced superconductivity in wires made of nonsuperconducting materials due to superconducting electrodes, a switch in electrical behavior from metallic to semiconducting with chirality of carbon nanotubes, and metallicity of one-dimensional materials confined inside nanotubes that are semiconducting in bulk. Due to their small dimensions, nanowires and nanofibers present new challenges regarding their electrical properties. Small amounts of bending strains induce a semiconductor-metal transition in small diameter semiconducting nanowires. Their encapsulation in stronger nanotubes offers advantages, such as increase their mechanical strength and protect them from interacting with the atmosphere. Some materials fabricated as nanowires, while nonsuperconducting in bulk form, show superconductivity only on the nanowire surface. Last but not least, the toxic effects on humans due to handling nanowires and nanofibers are emphasized.

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Abbreviations

ξ(T):

Coherence length of the superconducting state at a temperature T

1D:

One dimensional

AAM:

Anodic alumina membrane

ALL-MBE:

Atomic layer-by-layer molecular beam epitaxy

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

D:

Diameter

DC:

Direct current

DWCNT:

Double-walled carbon nanotube

e:

The electron charge

FC:

Field-cooled

fcc:

Face center cubic

h:

The Planck constant

Hc⊥:

Critical field perpendicular to the wire

Hc//:

Critical field parallel to the wire

Hc(0):

Critical magnetic field at 0 K

HRTEM:

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy

I-V:

Current-voltage

L:

Length

LAMH:

Langer-Ambegaokar-McCumber-Halperin

MWCNT:

Multi-walled carbon nanotube

PCM:

Polycarbonate membrane

PMMA:

Poly(methyl methacrylate)

R:

Resistance

RN:

Normal state resistance

RQ:

Quantum resistance

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SWCNT:

Single-walled carbon nanotube

T:

Temperature

Tc:

Critical temperature of transition from normal to superconducting state

TCAD:

Technology computer-aided design data

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

V-I:

Voltage-current

w:

Width

ZFC:

Zero-field-cooled

ξ(0):

Coherence length of the superconducting state at 0 K

Φ0:

Flux quantum

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IIPB Medicine Corporation, Owen Sound, Canada

    Cristina Buzea

  2. Department of Pathology, Grey Bruce Health Services, Owen Sound, Canada

    Ivan Pacheco

  3. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schülich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada

    Ivan Pacheco

Authors
  1. Cristina Buzea
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  2. Ivan Pacheco
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Correspondence to Cristina Buzea .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut Européen des Membranes (IEMM, ENSCM UM CNRS UMR5635), Montpellier, France

    Ahmed Barhoum

  2. Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM – UMR 5635, ENSCM, CNRS Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France

    Mikhael Bechelany

  3. University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA

    Abdel Salam Hamdy Makhlouf

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Buzea, C., Pacheco, I. (2019). Electrical Properties of Nanowires and Nanofibers. In: Barhoum, A., Bechelany, M., Makhlouf, A. (eds) Handbook of Nanofibers. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53655-2_14

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