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Soil Microbe Diversity and Root Exudates as Important Aspects of Rhizosphere Ecosystem

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Plant, Soil and Microbes

Abstract

The rhizosphere is an area of soil surrounding plant roots in which soil’s most reactions take place. The term “rhizosphere” was coined by Lorenz Hiltner, and it is 1–2 mm wide. The rhizosphere is divided into three zones: endorhizosphere, rhizoplane, and ectorhizosphere. The two dynamic properties of soil rhizosphere are root exudates and soil microbes. Root exudates are the chemical compounds that are secreted by roots and act as a source of food for soil microbes and play a pivotal role in soil microbe and plant interaction. These are low- and high-molecular-weight compounds. The root exudates are important for root-microbe and root-root communication. The other important aspect of rhizosphere is soil microbes. The soil microbes include bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. These organisms are important for both soil and fungi. The main aspect of this chapter is to give brief information about the underground world, and its future perspective is to understand soil microbe and plant interaction for enhancing sustainable agriculture. Studies on gene expression in the rhizosphere and the use of other molecular techniques like m-RNA, proteomics, labeled root compounds, stable isotope probes, and reporter technology will help in exploring underground undiscovered world.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Soil Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190025, India

    Owais Bashir

  2. Division of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190025, India

    Kamran Khan

  3. Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia

    Khalid Rehman Hakeem

  4. Faculty of Forestry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agriculture Science and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India

    Naseer Ahmed Mir

  5. Division of Fruit Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190025, India

    Gh Hassan Rather

  6. Division of Agronomy, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190025, India

    Rehana Mohiuddin

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  1. Owais Bashir
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  2. Kamran Khan
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  3. Khalid Rehman Hakeem
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  4. Naseer Ahmed Mir
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  5. Gh Hassan Rather
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  6. Rehana Mohiuddin
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Correspondence to Khalid Rehman Hakeem .

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  1. Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia

    Khalid Rehman Hakeem

  2. Department of Botany, Gandhi Faiz-E-Aam College, Shahajahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Mohd Sayeed Akhtar

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Bashir, O., Khan, K., Hakeem, K.R., Mir, N.A., Rather, G.H., Mohiuddin, R. (2016). Soil Microbe Diversity and Root Exudates as Important Aspects of Rhizosphere Ecosystem. In: Hakeem, K., Akhtar, M. (eds) Plant, Soil and Microbes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29573-2_15

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