Skip to main content

Implications for Networked Learning of the ‘Practice’ Side of Social Practice Theories: A Tacit-Knowledge Perspective

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Design, Experience and Practice of Networked Learning

Part of the book series: Research in Networked Learning ((RINL))

Abstract

The chapter presents a tacit-knowledge perspective on networked learning. The perspective draws on prior work by the author which integrates insights from the Scandinavian reception of Wittgenstein, phenomenology, and situated learning to form a view of knowledge as tacit, situated, context-dependent, embodied doing. This view, it is argued, is inherent in the ‘social practice’ theories which many researchers within networked learning take as their point of departure but has been neglected because the ‘practice’ side of these ‘social practice’ theories has been neglected. Building on this view of knowledge, it is argued that networked learning activities in general risk taking on the role of artificial, stand-alone activities detached from the ‘primary contexts’ of the participants, i.e. contexts which carry significance for them, in which they involve themselves as persons and which they consider important for who they are. Networked learning activities which have this role are not experienced as fully meaningful. In some cases, especially within distance learning programmes, the networked learning setting may itself become a ‘primary context’, but this cannot be counted on. The main claim of the article as concerns designs for learning is that networked learning will in general be most successful if it is designed as ‘mediator activities’ to facilitate the resituating of content between the ‘primary contexts’ of the learners, rather than to act as a ‘primary context’ itself.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Andersen, P., Dohn, N., Irminger, S., & Vestergaard, A. (2012). Eksperimenter med Facebook i undervisningen. Unge Pædagoger, 4, 17–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boon, S., & Sinclair, S. (2012). Life behind the screen: Taking the academic online. In L. Dirckinck-Holmfeld, V. Hodgson, & D. McConnell (Eds.), Exploring the theory, pedagogy and practice of networked learning (pp. 273–287). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Booth, S., & Hultén, M. (2004). Opening dimensions of variation: An empirical study of learning in a web-based discussion. In P. Goodyear, S. Banks, V. Hodgson, & D. McConnell (Eds.), Advances in research on networked learning (pp. 153–174). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, D. (2008). Why youth loves social network sites: The role of networked publics in teenage social life. In D. Buckingham (Ed.), Youth, identity, and digital media (pp. 119–142). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble. London, England: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, F., Chang, H., & Wang, T. (2010). Collective brokering practice: A constellation of practices perspective. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Networked Learning, 88–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, M. (1990). Vygotsky and education. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cousin, G., & Deepwell, F. (2005). Designs for network learning: A communities of practice perspective. Studies in Higher Education, 30(1), 57–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dall’Alba, G., & Sandberg, J. (2006). Unveiling professional development: A critical review of stage models. Review of Educational Research, 76(3), 383–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Derrida, J. (1997). Of grammatology. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dirckinck-Holmfeld, L., & Fibiger, B. (Eds.). (2002). Learning in virtual environments. Copenhagen, Denmark : Samfundslitteratur.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dirckinck-Holmfeld, L., & Jones, C. (2009). Issues and concepts in networked learning. Analysis and the future of networked learning. In L. Dirckinck-Holmfeld, C. Jones, & B. Lindström (Eds.), Analysing networked learning practices in higher education and continuing professional development (pp. 259–285). Rotterdam, Denmark: Sense.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dirckinck-Holmfeld, L., Nielsen, J., Fibiger, B., Danielsen, O., Riis, M., Sorensen, E., et al. (2009). Issues and concepts in networked learning. Analysis and the future of networked learning. In L. Dirckinck-Holmfeld, C. Jones, & B. Lindström (Eds.), Analysing networked learning practices in higher education and continuing professional development (pp. 259–285). Rotterdam, Denmark: Sense.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dirckinck-Holmfeld, L., Tolsby, H., & Nyvang, T. (2002). E-læring systemer i arbejdspladsrelateret projektpædagogik. In K. Illeris (Ed.), Udspil om læring i arbejdslivet (pp. 123–153). Roskilde, Denmark: Roskilde Universitetsforlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dohn, N. (2007). It-baserede læreprocesser—Nogle muligheder og nogle begrænsninger. Dansk Universitetspædagogisk Tidsskrift, 4, 41–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dohn, N. (2009). Web 2.0 som lærings- og arbejdsredskab. Jelling, Denmark: UC Lillebælt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dohn, N. (2011). On the epistemological presuppositions of reflective activities. Educational Theory, 61(6), 671–708.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dohn, N. (2013). ‘Viden i praksis’—implikationer for it-baseret læring, Res Cogitans 9 (1) (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dohn, N., & Kjær, C. (2009). Language is not enough—Knowledge perspectives on work-based learning in global organisations. Hermes—Journal of Language and Communication Studies, 43, 137–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dohn, N., Thorsen, M., & Larsen, S. (2013). E-læring. In L. Rienecker, P. Stray, J. Dolin, & G. Ingerslev (Eds.), Universitetspædagogik. Samfundslitteratur. 299–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dreyfus, H. (2001). On the internet. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dreyfus, H., & Dreyfus, S. (1986). Mind over machine. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engeström, Y. (1987). Learning by expanding. Helsinki, Finland: Orienta-Konsultit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engeström, Y. (2001). Expansive learning at work: Toward an activity theoretical reconceptualization. Journal of Education and Work, 14(1), 133–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farmer, B., Yue, A., & Brooks, C. (2008). Using blogging for higher order learning in large cohort university teaching: A case study. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 24(2), 123–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, F., Kollar, I., Mandl, H., & Haake, J. (Eds.). (2007). Scripting computer-supported collaborative learning. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1970). The order of things. An archaeology of the human sciences. New York: Pantheon Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fulantelli, G. (2009). Blended learning, Systems thinking and communities of practice. A case study. In L. Dirckinck-Holmfeld, C. Jones, & B. Lindström (Eds.), Analysing networked learning practices in higher education and continuing professional development (pp. 45–62). Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gadamer, H. G. (1990). Wahrheit und Methode. Tübingen, Germany: J.C.B. Mohr.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geithner, S., & Schulz, K. (2010). Networks as platforms for expansive development—Examples from a school development programme. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Networked Learning (pp. 159–167).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodyear, P., Banks, S., Hodgson, V., & McConnell, D. (Eds.). (2004). Advances in research on networked learning. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodyear, P., Jones, C., Asensio, M., Hodgson, V., & Steeples, C. (2001). Effective networked learning in higher education: Notes and guidelines. Lancaster, England: CSALT, Lancaster University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedegaard, M. (1995). Tænkning, viden, udvikling. Aarhus, Denmark: Aarhus Universitetsforlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hegel, G. (1952). Phänomenologie des Geistes. Hamburg, Germany: Felix Mainer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heidegger, M. (1986). Sein und Zeit. Tübingen, Germany: Max Niemeyer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgson, V. (2008). Learning spaces, context and auto/biography in online learning communities. International Journal of Web Based Communities, 4(2), 159–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hodgson, V., McConnell, D., & Dirckinck-Holmfeld, L. (2012). The theory, practice and pedagogy of networked learning. In L. Dirckinck-Holmfeld, V. Hodgson, & D. McConnell (Eds.), Exploring the theory, pedagogy and practice of networked learning (pp. 291–305). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchins, E. (1996). Learning to navigate. In S. Chaiklin & J. Lave (Eds.), Understanding practice (pp. 35–63). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johannesen, K. (1988). The concept of practice in Wittgenstein’s later philosophy’. Inquiry, 31(3), 357–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, C., & Dirckinck-Holmfeld, L. (2009). Analysing networked learning practices. An Introduction. In L. Dirckinck-Holmfeld, C. Jones & B. Lindström, B. (Eds.), Analysing networked learning practices in higher education and continuing professional development. (pp. 1-27). Rotterdam, Denmark: Sense.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, C., Dirckinck-Holmfeld, L., & Lindström, B. (2006). A relational, indirect, meso-level approach to CSCL design in the next decade. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 1(1), 35–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Josefson, I. (1998). Läkarens yrkeskunnande. Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenny, A. (1973). Wittgenstein. London, England: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klenowski, V. (2002). Developing portfolios for learning and assessment. London, England: RoutledgeFalmer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kripke, S. (1982). Wittgenstein on rules and private language. Oxford, England: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Land, R. (2004). Issues of embodiment and risk in online learning. In R. Atkinson, C. McBeath, D. Jonas-Dwyer & R. Phillips (Eds.), Beyond the comfort zone: Proceedings of the 21st ASCILITE Conference (pp. 530–538).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lave, J. (1988). Cognition in practice. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Leont’ev, A. (1978). Activity, consciousness, and personality. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • McConnell, D. (1994). Implementing computer supported cooperative learning. London, England: Kogan Page.

    Google Scholar 

  • McConnell, D. (2006). E-learning groups and communities. Maidenhead, England: SRHE/OU Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McConnell, D., Hodgson, V., & Dirckinck-Holmfeld, L. (2012). Networked learning: A brief history and new trends. In L. Dirckinck-Holmfeld, V. Hodgson, & D. McConnell (Eds.), Exploring the theory, pedagogy and practice of networked learning (pp. 3–24). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Merleau-Ponty, M. (1962). Phenomenology of perception. London, England: Routledge & Kegan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Molander, B. (1992). Tacit knowledge and silenced knowledge: Fundamental problems and controversies. In B. Göranzon & M. Florin (Eds.), Skill and education: Reflection and experience (pp. 9–31). London, England: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen, J., & Danielsen, O. (2011). Problem-oriented project studies—the role of the teacher as supervisor for the study group in its learning processes. In L. Dirckinck-Holmfeld, V. Hodgson, & D. McConnell (Eds.), Exploring the theory, pedagogy and practice of networked learning (pp. 257–272). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Packer, M. (2001). The problem of transfer, and the sociocultural critique of schooling. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 10(4), 494–514.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Packer, M., & Goicoechea, J. (2000). Sociocultural and constructivist theories of learning: Ontology, not just epistemology. Educational Psychologist, 35(4), 227–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pilkington, R., & Guldberg, K. (2009). Conditions for productive networked learning among professionals and carers. In L. Dirckinck-Holmfeld, C. Jones, & B. Lindström (Eds.), Analysing networked learning practices in higher education and continuing professional development (pp. 63–83). Rotterdam, Denmark: Sense.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudestam, K., & Schoenholtz-Read, J. (2002). Handbook of online learning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, R., & Deci, E. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryberg, T., & Larsen, M. (2008). Networked identities: Understanding relationships between strong and weak ties in networked environments. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 24(1), 103–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryberg, T., & Wentzer, H. (2011). Erfaringer med e-porteføljer og personlige læringsmiljøer. Dansk Universitetspædagogisk Tidsskrift, 11, 14–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Säljö, R., & Wyndhamn, J. (1996). Solving everyday problems in the formal setting. In S. Chaiklin & J. Lave (Eds.), Understanding practice (pp. 327–342). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmon, G. (2000). E-moderating. London, England: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmon, G. (2002). E-tivities. London, England: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schatzki, T., Knorr-Cetina, K., & von Savigny, E. (Eds.). (2001). The practice turn in contemporary theory. London, England: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schutz, A., & Luckmann, T. (1973). The structures of the life-world. London, England: Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sfard, A. (1998). On two metaphors of learning and the dangers of choosing just one. Educational Researcher, 27(2), 4–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S. (2012). How do small business owner-managers learn leadership through networked learning? In L. Dirckinck-Holmfeld, V. Hodgson, & D. McConnell (Eds.), Exploring the theory, pedagogy and practice of networked learning (pp. 221–236). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Svensson, L., Ellström, P., & Åberg, C. (2004). Integrating formal and informal learning at work. The Journal of Workplace Learning, 16(8), 479–491.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vines, A., & Dysthe, O. (2009). Productive learning in the study of law. In L. Dirckinck-Holmfeld, C. Jones, & B. Lindström (Eds.), Analysing networked learning practices in higher education and continuing professional development (pp. 175–199). Rotterdam, Denmark: Sense.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wännman-Toresson, G. (2002). Kvinnor skapar kunskap på nätet. Umeå, Norrland: Pedagogiska Institutionen, Umeå University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasson, B., Ludvigsen, S., & Hoppe, U. (Eds.). (2003). Designing for change in networked learning environments. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wertsch, J. (1998). Mind as action. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winch, P. (1990). The idea of a social science and its relation to philosophy. London, England: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittgenstein, L. (1984). Philosophische Untersuchungen: Vol. 1. Werkausgabe. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Suhrkamp

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nina Bonderup Dohn .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Dohn, N.B. (2014). Implications for Networked Learning of the ‘Practice’ Side of Social Practice Theories: A Tacit-Knowledge Perspective. In: Hodgson, V., de Laat, M., McConnell, D., Ryberg, T. (eds) The Design, Experience and Practice of Networked Learning. Research in Networked Learning. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01940-6_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics