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Nitric Oxide: A Key Modulator of Plant Responses Under Environmental Stress

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Plant Performance Under Environmental Stress

Abstract

The multitasked Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive, gaseous molecule that is endogenously produced in the plant cells through various routes. In the plant, NO participates in numerous physiological processes including growth and development as well as adaptation against (a)biotic stresses. At the molecular level, NO acts as a redox-related signaling molecule whose function entirely depends on two factors (concentration and spatial generation pattern). Once generated, it directly or indirectly interacts with other redox-related molecules (O2−, H2O2, H2S, NO2−) and potentially interacts with various biomolecules including proteins, lipids, hormones, and nucleic acid at the downstream level. The variety of NO acting mechanisms include direct reaction with redox molecule, metal-nitrosation of transient metals, protein tyrosine nitration, and S-nitrosation. Since the discovery of the physiological role of NO in plants, numerous studies have been conducted to elucidate the production pathways, mechanism of action, and its ultimate effect in distinct physiological processes. However, over time, some questions still remain unanswered, and with new knowledge on interactions of NO with fatty acids and nucleic acids, more possible regulatory roles of NO in mitigation of stresses is still under investigation. Therefore, this chapter discusses the NO production, mechanism of action, and role in the regulation of plant’s (a)biotic stress response.

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Abbreviations

GSH:

Glutathione

GSNO:

S-Nitroglutathione

GSNOR:

S-Nitroglutathione reductase

NO:

Nitric oxide

NR:

Nitrate reductase

PTM:

Post-translational modification

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SNO:

S-Nitrosothiol

SNP:

Sodium nitroprusside

Thr:

Threonine

Trx:

Thioredoxin

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Transformation Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India

    Pankaj Pandey & S. Leelavathi

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, India

    Asha Devi Pallujam

  3. Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India

    Sahil Mehta

  4. ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Manesh Chander Dagla, Bharat Bhushan & S. K. Aggarwal

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    Azamal Husen

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Pandey, P. et al. (2021). Nitric Oxide: A Key Modulator of Plant Responses Under Environmental Stress. In: Husen, A. (eds) Plant Performance Under Environmental Stress . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78521-5_12

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