Abstract
Thus far the only regulatory measure to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) from ships is the adoption of the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) by the IMO in 2011. This chapter will go over the rationale behind EEDI and the important factors that influence compliance of a vessel’s Attained EEDI with the regulatory limit of ship-type specific reference lines (Required EEDI) set by the IMO. This chapter will also go over related concepts and requirements, such as the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) and the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI). Concerns around possible implications directly linked or relevant to the EEDI framework will be outlined, including EEDI vs minimum propulsion power. The Existing Vessel Design Index (EVDI) rating of RightShip will also be presented. Last but not least, a discussion of the weaknesses of EEDI will be provided.
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Notes
- 1.
Practically V ref is approximately equal to a typical shipbuilding contract’s “design speed.” V ref is speed at maximum deadweight (70% DWT for container vessels), at 75% MCR but with no sea margin. Design speed is speed at the reduced design draft, typically at 85% MCR but with 15% sea margin.
- 2.
Statement on BIMCO’s web site (https://www.bimco.org/about-us-and-our-members/bimco-statements/04-greenhouse-gases-ghg-emissions, accessed 2 July 2018).
Abbreviations
- AER:
-
Annual Efficiency Ratio
- AHEWG-TT:
-
Ad Hoc Expert Working Group on Facilitation of Transfer of Technology for Ships
- BIMCO:
-
Baltic and International Maritime Council
- CO2 :
-
Carbon dioxide
- CSI:
-
Clean Shipping Index
- DCS:
-
Data Collection System
- DWT:
-
Deadweight
- EEDI:
-
Energy Efficiency Design Index
- EEOI:
-
Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator
- EIAPP:
-
Engine International Air Pollution Prevention
- ETS:
-
Emission trading system
- EVDI:
-
Existing Vessel Design Index
- FORS:
-
Fuel Oil Reduction Strategy
- FPSO:
-
Floating production storage and offloading
- FSU:
-
Floating storage unit
- GHG:
-
Greenhouse gas
- GT:
-
Gross tonnage
- IACS:
-
International Association of Classification Societies
- IEE:
-
International Energy Efficiency
- IMO:
-
International Maritime Organization
- ISO:
-
International Organization for Standardization
- ITTC:
-
International Towing Tank Conference
- LNG:
-
Liquefied natural gas
- MARPOL:
-
The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships
- MCR:
-
Maximum continuous rating
- MEPC:
-
Marine Environment Protection Committee
- MPP:
-
Minimum propulsion power
- PP:
-
Propulsion power
- PSC:
-
Port State Control
- RO:
-
Recognized organization
- SEEMP:
-
Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan
- SFOC:
-
Specific fuel oil consumption
- SMS:
-
Safety management system
- VLCC:
-
Very large crude carrier
References
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IACS. (2016). Procedural requirement, procedure for calculation and verification of the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), PR No. 38.
IMO. (2011a). Resolution MEPC.203(62) “Amendments to the Annex of the Protocol of 1997 to amend the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978”.
IMO. (2011b). MEPC 62/5/6, Submitted by Greece, “Further prospects for EEDI improvement”.
IMO. (2011c). MEPC 63/4/15, Submitted by Greece, “Minimum design speed for bulk carriers and oil tankers”.
IMO. (2012a). Resolution MEPC.212(63): “2012 Guidelines on the Method of Calculation of the Attained EEDI for new ships”.
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IMO. (2017). Resolution MEPC.292(71): “Guidelines For Administration Verification of Ship Fuel Oil Consumption Data”.
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Polakis, M., Zachariadis, P., de Kat, J.O. (2019). The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI). In: Psaraftis, H. (eds) Sustainable Shipping. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04330-8_3
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