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Pubertal Mammary Gland Development: Elucidation of In Vivo Morphogenesis Using Murine Models

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Mammary Gland Development

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1501))

Abstract

During the past 25 years, the combination of increasingly sophisticated gene targeting technology with transplantation techniques has allowed researchers to address a wide array of questions about postnatal mammary gland development. These in turn have significantly contributed to our knowledge of other branched epithelial structures. This review chapter highlights a selection of the mouse models exhibiting a pubertal mammary gland phenotype with a focus on how they have contributed to our overall understanding of in vivo mammary morphogenesis. We discuss mouse models that have enabled us to assign functions to particular genes and proteins and, more importantly, have determined when and where these factors are required for completion of ductal outgrowth and branch patterning. The reason for the success of the mouse mammary gland model is undoubtedly the suitability of the postnatal mammary gland to experimental manipulation. The gland itself is very amenable to investigation and the combination of genetic modification with accessibility to the tissue has allowed an impressive number of studies to inform biology. Excision of the rudimentary epithelial structure postnatally allows genetically modified tissue to be readily transplanted into wild type stroma or vice versa, and has thus defined the contribution of each compartment to particular phenotypes. Similarly, whole gland transplantation has been used to definitively discern local effects from indirect systemic effects of various growth factors and hormones. While appreciative of the power of these tools and techniques, we are also cognizant of some of their limitations, and we discuss some shortcomings and future strategies that can overcome them.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, 9, Ireland

    Jean McBryan

  2. Division of Oncology-Pathology, Lund University Cancer Center/Medicon Village, Building 404:B2, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81, Lund, Sweden

    Jillian Howlin Ph.D.

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  1. Jean McBryan
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  2. Jillian Howlin Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Jillian Howlin Ph.D. .

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  1. School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland

    Finian Martin

  2. Institute of Cancer Sciences College of MVLS University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

    Torsten Stein

  3. Division of Oncology-Pathology, Lund University Cancer Center/Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden

    Jillian Howlin

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McBryan, J., Howlin, J. (2017). Pubertal Mammary Gland Development: Elucidation of In Vivo Morphogenesis Using Murine Models. In: Martin, F., Stein, T., Howlin, J. (eds) Mammary Gland Development. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1501. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6475-8_3

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