Abstract
In recent years, it has been shown that reactive oxygen species or free radicals are closely involved in various biological reactions. At normal rate of generation, some free radicals are useful in the human body. However, when oxygen free radical generation exceeds the capacity of antioxidant defenses, the result is oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs in many human diseases and sometimes makes a significant contribution to their pathogenesis. Especially, oxygen free radicals such as Superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical, are thought to mediate a large portion of the tissue damage produced after inflammation, ischemia, and ischemia/reperfusion of the small intestine, stomach, heart, kidney, liver and skin, and may also be involved in the pathogenesis of circulatory shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation. In addition, reactive oxygen metabolites and free radicals are involved in many pathogenic conditions via DNA damage, inactivation of nitric oxide (NO)(1), oxidation of LDL, and activation of adhesion molecules(2–4) (Figure 1). Herein, we summarized recent data that supported free radical involvement in ischemia/reperfusion injury and digestive diseases, and reviewed the antioxidant therapy for these pathophysiological conditions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Beckman, J. S., Beckman, T. W., Chen, J. et al.(1990) Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: Implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and Superoxide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 1620–1624.
Patel, K.D., Zimmerman, G.A., Prescott, S.M. et al. (1991) Oxygen radicals induce human endothelial cells to express GMP-140 and bind neutrophils. J. Cell Biol. 112: 749–759.
Yoshida, N., Granger, D.N., Anderson, D.C. et al. (1992) Anoxia/reoxygenation-induced neutrophil adherence to cultured endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 262: H1891–H1898.
Davenpeck, K.L., Gauthier, T.W. and Lefer, A.M.(1994) Inhibition of endothelial-derived nitric oxide promotes P-selectin expression and actions in the rat microcirculation [see comments]. Gastroenterology 107: 1050–1058.
Niki, E.(1987) Antioxidants in relation to lipid peroxidation. Chem. Phys Lipids 44: 227–253.
Smith, S.M., Holm-Rutili, L., Perry, M.A. et al.(1987) Role of neutrophils in hemorrhagic shock-induced gastric mucosal injury in the rat. Gastroenterology 93: 466–471.
Granger, D.N. (1988) Role of xanthine oxidase and granulocytes in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am. J. Physiol. 255: Hl269–H1275.
Grisham, M.B. and Granger, D.N.(1988) Neutrophil-mediated mucosal injury-role of reactive oxygen metabolites. Diges. Dis. Science 33: 6S–15S.
Warren, J.R. and Marshall, B.(1983) Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis. Lancet I: 1273–1275.
Marshall, B.J. (1991) Virulence and pathogenicity of Helicobacter pylori, J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 8:121–124.
Suzuki, M., Miura, S., Suematsu, M. et al. (1992) Helicobacter pylori-associated ammonia production enhances neutrophil-dependent gastric mucosal cell injury. Am. J. Physiol. 263: G719-G725.
Yoshida, N., Granger, D.N., Evans Jr, D.J. et al.(1993) Mechanisms involved in Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation. Gastroenterology 105: 1431–1440.
Furchgott, R.F. and Zawadzki, J.V.(1980) The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature 288: 373–376.
Gryglewski, R.J., Palmer, R.M.J. and Moncada, S. (1986) Superoxide anion is involved in the breakdown of endothelium-derived vascular relaxing factor. Nature 320: 454–456.
Yoshikawa, T., Yasuda, M., Ueda, S. et al. (1991) Vitamin E in gastric mucosal injury induced by ischemiareperfusion. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53: 210S–214S.
Yoshikawa, T., Naito, Y., Tanigawa, T. et al. (1991) The antioxidant properties of a novel zinc-carnosine chelate compound, N-(3-aminopropionyl)-L-histidinato zinc. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1115: 15–22.
Yoshikawa, T., Takahashi, S., Ichikawa, H. et al.(1991) Effects of TJ-35(Sugyaku-san) on gastric mucosal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion and its oxygen-derived free radical-scavenging activities. J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr. 10: 189–196.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yoshikawa, T., Naito, Y., Kondo, M. (1997). Free Radicals and Diseases. In: Hiramatsu, M., Yoshikawa, T., Inoue, M. (eds) Food and Free Radicals. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1837-6_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1837-6_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1839-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1837-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive