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Evolution of the Octavolateral Efferent System

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Auditory and Vestibular Efferents

Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR,volume 38))

Abstract

Efferent, or downstream, modulation of sensory processing is a common attribute of all sensory systems. However, feedback from the brain directly onto the sensory cells themselves, that is, at the transduction stage, is rare (Robertson 2009). The mechanosensory hair cells of vertebrates are arguably the most sophisticated example of this relationship, and much remains to be learned about efferent modulation of their function under natural conditions. In trying to understand the role of the efferent system, it is instructive to consider its evolution. This chapter discusses the various manifestations of efferent innervation to the hair-cell organs across vertebrates and what we know about its function. From these data, major steps in the evolution of the efferent system can be inferred that in turn allow us to deduce some general rules about efferent function and to define interesting questions for future investigation. The emphasis will be on the auditory system, as Goldberg, Lysakowski and Holt, Chap. 6, already discussed the vestibular efferent system across vertebrates. For orientation on the phylogenetic relationships of the various animal groups discussed here, please refer to the recent review in Manley and Clack (2004).

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  1. Cochlear and Auditory Brainstem Physiology, IBU, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany

    Christine Köppl

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  1. Program in Neuroscience, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Level 7, Darlinghurst, NSW2010, Australia

    David K. Ryugo

  2. Parmly Hearing Institute, Loyola University Chicago, 6525 N. Sheridan Rd., Chicago, 60626, Illinois, USA

    Richard R. Fay

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Köppl, C. (2011). Evolution of the Octavolateral Efferent System. In: Ryugo, D., Fay, R. (eds) Auditory and Vestibular Efferents. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 38. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7070-1_8

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