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Cytoplasmic Male-Sterility and Nuclear Encoded Fertility Restoration

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Plant Mitochondria

Part of the book series: Advances in Plant Biology ((AIPB,volume 1))

Abstract

Cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) is caused by mutations, rearrangements, or recombinations in the mitochondrial genome resulting in a CMS-inducing gene (or genes) leading to malfunctioning, but not mutated, nuclear genes causing abnormal or inhibited development of stamens or pollen. This trait is inherited via the mitochondria, i.e., CMS is by large maternally inherited. CMS has been observed in at least 150 different species, here exemplified by, e.g., the Zea mays CMS-T, Brassica napus (Ogu-INRA), and Nicotiana tabacum CMS systems. The CMS-associated genes studied so far have been chimeric and affect the nuclear genome through retrograde signaling, resulting in a male-sterile phenotype ranging from pollen abortion to homeotically converted stamens into carpeloid or petaloid structures or the lack of stamens. Male-fertility can be restored by nuclear encoded Restorer-of-fertility genes.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Jens F. Sundström for exciting discussions and critically reading the manuscript. This work was supported by the NL-faculty at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, Sweden.

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  1. Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, 7080, SE 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden

    Kristina Glimelius

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    Frank Kempken

Glossary

Alloplasmic:

The nucleus from one line combined with the cytoplasm from another line. Often used for describing the genomic content of the offspring from sexual crosses between two different species.

CMS:

Short for cytoplasmic male-sterility. A type of male-sterility observed in plants caused by the influence of the mitochondria on nuclear encoded genes.

Gynodioecy:

The co-occurrence of females and hermaphrodites in a plant population.

Retrograde signaling:

The signaling processes from the mitochondria to the nucleus.

Rf:

Short for restorer-of-fertility. An Rf gene is a nuclear encoded gene (or set of genes) that can restore male-fertility in CMS-plants.

Ogu-INRA:

A well-known French CMS-system in Brassica napus, based on the Ogura-system.

Ogura:

A Japanese CMS system in Raphanus sativus. The Ogura CMS was first presented by H. Ogura in 1968, hence the name.

PPR:

Short for pentatricopeptide repeat. The PPR-family is a large gene family where the members have RNA-binding and modifying properties. Many PPR-genes are targeted to the chloroplasts or the mitochondria. Some PPR genes are Rf genes.

Somatic hybrid:

A hybrid generated from a protoplast fusion between two different lines, in general two different but related plant species.

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Carlsson, J., Glimelius, K. (2011). Cytoplasmic Male-Sterility and Nuclear Encoded Fertility Restoration. In: Kempken, F. (eds) Plant Mitochondria. Advances in Plant Biology, vol 1. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89781-3_18

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