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Structure, function, and inheritance of plastid genomes

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Cell and Molecular Biology of Plastids

Part of the book series: Topics in Current Genetics ((TCG,volume 19))

Abstract

Plastids (chloroplasts) possess their own genetic information and consequently, express heritabletraits. The plastid genome (plastome) occurs at high copy numbers, with up to thousands of genomecopies being present in a single cell. Although mapping as a single circular molecule,the plastid DNA shows great structural dynamics. Multiple copies of the plastome are packed togetherin large nucleoprotein bodies, referred to as plastid nucleoids. The plastomes of land plants harbora rather conserved set of approximately 100–120 genes in a genome of 120–160kilobase pairs (kb). In contrast, size and coding capacity of plastomes in algae are much more variable.In most plant species, plastids and their genetic information are inherited maternally and thus excludedfrom sexual recombination. The cytological mechanisms leading to uniparentally maternal inheritanceare surprisingly diverse and can involve organelle exclusion by unequal cell division, plastid destructionor selective degradation of the plastid DNA from the paternal parent. Exceptions from maternal inheritance,i.e., biparental or paternal plastid transmission, have arisen multiple times during evolution.

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Bock, R. (2007). Structure, function, and inheritance of plastid genomes. In: Bock, R. (eds) Cell and Molecular Biology of Plastids. Topics in Current Genetics, vol 19. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/4735_2007_0223

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