Abstract
In Peru, quinoa is cultivated in agricultural systems exposed to abiotic stresses. Selenium biofortification enriches crops and enhances their defense system against water deficit. This study aimed to determine the effect of soil Se application for enhancing Se content in quinoa grains and plant tolerance under water deficit. Selenium rates were applied at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg kg−1, under irrigated and water-deficit conditions. Gas exchange, SPAD index, Se content, and proline were quantified in leaves. Dry mass was recorded in grains and shoots, whereas Se content, free amino acids, total proteins, Se and macronutrient accumulation, and Se-recovery were quantified only in grains. The water deficit diminished the transpiration rate and grain dry mass, but it increased SPAD index. The grain dry mass was increased at 0.25 and 0.5 mg kg−1 Se whereas it was reduced at 1.0 and 2.0 mg kg−1 Se. Selenium content in grains and leaves and Se accumulation by grains increased concerning Se rates in soil water conditions. Under water deficit, the best photosynthetic rate, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, water use efficiency, shoot dry mass, and total proteins were at 0.5 mg kg−1 Se. In grains, free amino acids and N, P, and K accumulations were maximum at 2 and 0.25 mg kg−1 Se, respectively. Selenium biofortification enriched quinoa grains with selenium. The antioxidant non-enzymatic activity might be one of water deficit tolerance mechanisms promoted by Se on quinoa var INIA Salcedo and would be enhanced mainly at 0.5 mg kg−1 Se.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Soil Science Department and the Soils, Plants, Waters, and Fertilizers Laboratory (LASPAF) from Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina UNALM, La Molina, Lima, Peru and Soil Science Department from Federal University of Lavras UFLA, Brazil for their facilities and support to develop the experiment.
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This research was funded by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq–165829/2018–4 and CNPq 404412/2021-1), the Minas Gerais State Research Foundation (FAPEMIG–APQ-02812–18), and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).
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R Vega-Ravello: conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. M Romero-Poma: methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft. C de Oliveira: supervision, writing—review and editing. L Guilherme: resources, supervision, writing—review and editing. G Lopes was the project advisor, planned, and supervised all phases of this research.
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Vega-Ravello, R., Romero-Poma, M.B., de Oliveira, C. et al. Soil Selenium Addition for Producing Se-Rich Quinoa and Alleviating Water Deficit on the Peruvian Coast. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 23, 238–250 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-022-01004-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-022-01004-6