Abstract
Renewable energy produced from sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) has clear advantages over fossil fuels in mitigating climate change. However, N2O emissions and NO3− leaching from fertilizer nitrogen (N) addition can jeopardize the sustainability of sugarcane production worldwide. One of the possible approaches to mitigating these N-loss pathways is the use of nitrification inhibitors such as dicyandiamide (DCD). However, the effects of DCD on the fate of fertilizer-derived N in soil pools and functional N genes (e.g., nitrifiers and denitrifiers) remain unclear. We performed a laboratory incubation study for 54 days to evaluate the influence of DCD and fertilizer N rate ((15NH4)2SO4 applied at 40, 80, 120, and 160 µg N g−1) on 15N transformation and abundance of total prokaryotes (16S rRNA), nitrifiers (ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB)), and denitrifiers (nirK and nosZ) in a tropical sandy soil amended with sugarcane residues. Especially for high N rates (120 and 160 µg N g−1), DCD not only increased the NH4+-15N recovery by inhibiting nitrification but also stimulated microbial immobilization. However, the nitrification inhibitor decreased N losses (i.e., unrecovered 15N). The abundance of total archaea and bacteria was unaffected by both the fertilizer N rate and DCD. While the abundance of AOB and nirK was suppressed by DCD, AOA and nosZ abundance increased, with the latter gene being the highest at 160 µg g−1. We conclude that DCD mitigates N losses from ammonium-based fertilizer by inhibiting NO3− production and changing nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms in sandy acidic soil.
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All data generated during this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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The SAS code generated during this study is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Change history
17 November 2021
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00699-3
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Acknowledgements
We thank Aline C. Richart, Bruno P. Moschini, Fernanda V. A. Moraes, Gabriela C. Salgado, Luis F. Rinaldi, Nicole C. Cheng, and Camila S. Grassmann for their assistance with laboratory work. We are grateful to the technical staff of the Laboratory of Stable Isotopes and Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture for their assistance with isotopic and molecular analyses, respectively.
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EM, BNB, and PCOT designed the experiments. EM, BNB, LFM, AP, and MGC performed the experiments. EM and BNB analyzed the data. EM wrote the manuscript. PCOT and SMT provided resources and supervised the study. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Mariano, E., Boschiero, B.N., Merloti, L.F. et al. Effects of N Application Rate and Dicyandiamide on the Fate of 15N Fertilizer and the Abundance of Microbial Genes in a Sandy Soil Amended with Sugarcane Litter. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 22, 359–373 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00654-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00654-2