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A review on arsenic removal from wastewater using carbon nanotube and graphene-based nanomaterials as adsorbents

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Abstract

Arsenic being the twentieth most abundant metalloid in the earth’s crust is one of the most hazardous elements both for humans and animals. Arsenic results from both man-made and natural activities pose a major health hazard for around 150 million people across the globe due to its carcinogenic properties. Thus, the review article presented the toxic harmful impact of arsenic on the environment, sources of arsenic contamination, and several removal techniques that are being studied and developed by scientists in order to keep the arsenic concentration minimum as prescribed by the World Health Organization maximum contamination level, and finally, what the future holds for arsenic remediation technologies. Adsorption is widely applied to remove arsenic from wastewater. This review will give an insight into the current status of research on arsenic removal from wastewater, applications of carbon nanomaterials, different types of functionalized carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, and their adsorption capacity.

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Abbreviations

Al:

Aluminum

As:

Arsenic

Cd:

Cadmium

Ce:

Cerium

CF-CNTs:

Ce–Fe oxide-decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

Co:

Cobalt

Cr:

Chromium

CuO:

Copper oxide

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

FAH-RGO/SA:

Fe-Al hydroxide coated with sodium alginate

Fe:

Iron

Fe3O4 :

Iron oxide

GFeN:

Iron–GO nanohybrid adsorbents

GNP:

Graphene nanoplatelets

GO:

Graphene oxide

HA:

Humic acid

HCO:

Hydrous cerium oxide

Hg:

Mercury

IARC:

International Agency for Research on Cancer

LDH:

Layered double hydroxides

MCL:

Maximum contaminant Level

MGL:

Magnetite–graphene–LDH composites

MnO2 :

Manganese oxide

M-OH:

Metal-hydroxyl

MWCNT:

Multiwall carbon nanotube

NaOH:

Sodium hydroxide

Pb:

Lead

RGO:

Reduced graphene oxide

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

SWCNT:

Single-wall carbon nanotube

Th:

Thorium

TiO2 :

Titanium dioxide

U:

Uranium

USEPA:

United States Environmental Protection Agency

WHO:

World Health Organization

ZCNT:

Zerovalent iron-based carbon nanotube

ZrO:

Zirconium oxide

ZrO2 :

Zirconium dioxide

ZVI:

Zerovalent iron

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  1. School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India

    Rima Biswas, Aayush Anshuman & Badri Narayan Samal

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Biswas, R., Anshuman, A. & Samal, B.N. A review on arsenic removal from wastewater using carbon nanotube and graphene-based nanomaterials as adsorbents. Nanotechnol. Environ. Eng. 8, 1033–1046 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41204-023-00332-x

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