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Applications of Nanoscaffolds in Tissue Engineering

  • Naturopathy, Nanotechnology, Nutraceuticals, and Immunotherapy in Cancer Research (H Latha, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Pharmacology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Consistently, a huge number of surgeries are performed to supplant tissue which is damaged through infection or injury. The emerging field of tissue engineering aims to recover injured tissues by consolidating cells from the host body or donor’s body with exceptionally porous scaffold biomaterials that can act as a template for tissue recovery, to control the development of new tissue. Signals, cells, and scaffolds are triad components of tissue engineering that combine to produce functional tissue and organs.

Recent Findings

Pubmed and Google Scholar are the search engines used to sort out relevant papers on nanoscaffolds and their application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Nanoscaffolding is known to be a clinical cycle used to regrow bone and tissue, including appendages and organs; likewise, it has been utilized to regrow the skin, but it has not been utilized yet for the development of complex organs like the heart etc. Different synthesis methods are being employed to engineer the scaffolds, such as electrospinning, layer-by-layer assembly, 3D printing, particle leaching etc. Natural bioscaffolds have also been used for growing cells and regenerative biology.

Summary

This article portrays the functional scaffolds used in different kinds of tissue engineering such as bone, liver, cartilage, vascular tissue, skin and cardiac tissue, etc., and an overview of various types of materials used in scaffolding for the tissue engineering applications and future aspects is discussed.

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Availability of Data and Material

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Code Availability

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Abbreviations

TE:

Tissue engineering

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

SIS:

Small intestine submucosa

GMP:

Good manufacturing practice

KCl:

Potassium chloride

NaCl:

Sodium chloride

PCL:

Polycaprolactone

PEO:

Polyethylene oxide

PBS:

Polybutylene succinate

CNC:

Cellulose nanocrystals

Wt:

Weight

h:

Hour

NPs:

Nanoparticles

PNIPAm:

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)

AuNP:

Gold nanoparticle

TiO2 :

Titanium dioxide

Ti:

Titanium

PLGA:

Poly(lactide-co-glycolic) acid

PLA:

Polylactic acid

AgNPs:

Silver nanoparticles

IL-6:

Interleukin 6

IL-10:

Interleukin 10

MMPs:

Matrix metalloproteinase

PMNs:

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes

BMP-2 peptide:

Bone morphogenetic protein 2

HCAEC:

Human coronary artery endothelial cells

PHAs:

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)

CNT’s:

Carbon nanotubes

iPSC:

Induced pluripotent stem cells

QOS:

Quaternary ammonium silane

CEF:

Cephalexin monohydrate

HNT:

Halloysite nanotubes

PVA:

Poly(vinyl alcohol)

nHAp:

Nano-hydroxyapatite

PG-NFs:

Poly(vinyl alcohol)-gellan gum nanofiber

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

FTIR:

Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy

hDPSCs:

Human dental pulp–derived stem cells

CMC:

Carboxymethyl chitosan

wjhMSC-MT:

Wharton’s jelly–derived mesenchymal stem cell microtissue

ALP:

Alkaline phosphatase

OC:

Csteocalcin

CNF:

Cellulose nanofibrils

RGO:

Reduced graphene oxide

BM-MSC:

Bone marrow–mesenchymal stem cells

DNA:

Deoxyribose nucleic acid

HFB4 cells:

Human fibroblast cell lines

AT-MSCs:

Adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells

hFOB cells:

Human osteoblastic cells

MC3T3 cell lines:

Osteoblast precursor cells

MG-63 cell lines:

Human osteosarcoma cells

WI-38 cells:

Human lung fibroblast cells

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Chettinad Academy of Research and Education for supporting GA and DB with Junior Research Fellowship. We also offer sincere thanks to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India, for the grant with Scheme No. 01(2868)/17/EMR-II.

Funding

The research was supported by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) India, Scheme No. 01(2868)/17/EMR-II. GA and DB were supported by Junior Research Fellowship from Chettinad Academy of Research and Education.

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  1. Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kanchipuram Dist, Tamil Nadu, Kelambakkam, 603103, India

    B. Deepika, A. Gopikrishna, Agnishwar Girigoswami, M. Nilofer Banu & Koyeli Girigoswami

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All the authors have equally contributed for concept designing, literature searching, and manuscript writing. KG and AG finalized the draft.

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Deepika, B., Gopikrishna, A., Girigoswami, A. et al. Applications of Nanoscaffolds in Tissue Engineering. Curr Pharmacol Rep 8, 171–187 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-022-00284-x

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