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A review on key pretreatment approaches for lignocellulosic biomass to produce biofuel and value-added products

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Abstract

Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is plentifully and naturally available carbon source produced mostly from agro, food and food processing industries with a global estimate of 1.3 billion tonnes per year. Since LCB is inexpensive and considered as waste, it opens an avenue for cost-effective alternate source of energy. Lignocellulosic biomass can be effectively and efficiently converted to biofuels (e.g. bioethanol, biodiesel and biogas) and value-added products like organic acids, enzymes, biopolymers, biochar etc. However, the bottleneck in using lignocellulosic biomass on industrial scale is its structural complexity and recalcitrance nature. Thus, pretreatment of biomass is an essential step for efficient delignification of biomass. This process separates cellulose and hemicellulose from lignin of the complex polymer matrix. Thereby, reduces the size of the matrix and increases the surface area of cellulose and hemicelluloses to be accessible for enzymes and microbes for hydrolysis and fermentation respectively. The pretreatment process includes physical, chemical, physicochemical or biological. Mechanical milling, ultrasound and microwave radiation as physical; Acid/alkaline hydrolysis, organosolv, ionic liquids and ozonolysis as chemical; ammonia fiber explosion, CO2 explosion steam explosion, liquid hot water treatment as physicochemical methods are established. The use of certain species of bacteria, fungus and yeast in biological methods of pretreatment is yet to establish on large scale.

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Acknowledgements

We are greatly thankful to the management of GIET University for providing facilities. Also, we are thankful to Dr.Sushil Kumar Sahu, Asst.Professor, Dept. of Biotechnology, GIET University for valuable discussion during revision of the manuscript.

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We did not use any funds in preparing this review article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, GIET University, Gunupur, Rayagada, Odisha, India

    B. R. Prasad & G. Ghosh

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, GIET University, Gunupur, Rayagada, Odisha, India

    R. K. Padhi

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  1. B. R. Prasad
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  2. R. K. Padhi
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  3. G. Ghosh
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Correspondence to B. R. Prasad.

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Editorial responsibility: M. Abbaspour.

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Prasad, B.R., Padhi, R.K. & Ghosh, G. A review on key pretreatment approaches for lignocellulosic biomass to produce biofuel and value-added products. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 6929–6944 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04252-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04252-2

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