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Efficient removal of Cd(II) from aqueous environment by potassium permanganate-modified eucalyptus biochar

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Abstract

Modified biochar is an efficient and economical adsorbent material that is widely used for the removal of heavy metals from polluted water bodies. In this study, eucalyptus biochar was synthesized via pyrolysis as a precursor to carbon and modified by potassium permanganate (KBC) to enhance its adsorption properties for Cd removal. The physicochemical properties of KBC were comprehensively characterized and analyzed by various characterization techniques. The effects of experimental parameters such as adsorbent dosage, pH, adsorption time, initial concentration, and temperature on the adsorption capacity and removal rate of Cd(II) were evaluated. The mechanism of Cd(II) removal by KBC was also explored using adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics. The results showed that the sorption capacity obtained with KBC for Cd(II) was 31.05 mg·g−1 that is better than that of BC (26.438 mg·g−1), and its removal rate was 99.36% under the optimal conditions (pH 5, dosage 80.0 mg, contact time 6 h, temperature 25 °C, and initial concentration 50.0 mg·L−1. The adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model based on monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface with spontaneous heat absorption under the combined physical and chemical effects. The adsorption mechanism of Cd(II) is mainly the KBC oxygen-containing and manganese-containing groups through complexation, oxidation, and cation-π electron interaction. It is illustrated that potassium permanganate’s surface modification of eucalyptus biochar is an effective method to treat the heavy metal contaminated environment.

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Funding

The authors would like to thank the financial support of the Guangxi Innovation Research Team Project (2018GXNSFGA281001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, China

    Zhenlin Mo, Qingliang Shi, Honghu Zeng, Ze Lu, Jianhong Bi, Hua Zhang & Asfandyar Shahab

  2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, China

    Zhenlin Mo, Qingliang Shi, Honghu Zeng, Ze Lu, Jianhong Bi, Hua Zhang & Asfandyar Shahab

  3. University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany

    Jörg Rinklebe

  4. Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Jörg Rinklebe

  5. Institute of Chemistry- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

    Eder C. Lima

  6. Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan

    Audil Rashid

Authors
  1. Zhenlin Mo
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  2. Qingliang Shi
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  3. Honghu Zeng
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  4. Ze Lu
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  5. Jianhong Bi
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  6. Hua Zhang
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  7. Jörg Rinklebe
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  8. Eder C. Lima
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  10. Asfandyar Shahab
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Contributions

All authors contributed to this study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Zhenlin Mo: writing—original draft preparation

Qingliang Shi: methodology

Honghu Zeng: formal analysis and investigation

Ze Lu: conceptualization, methodology

Jianhong Bi: writing—review and editing

Hua Zhang: writing—review and editing, funding acquisition

Jörg Rinklebe: review and editing

Eder C. Lima: review and editing

Audil Rashid: review and editing

Asfandyar Shahab: writing—review and editing

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Hua Zhang or Asfandyar Shahab.

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The original online version of this article was revised: The 2nd affiliation for Jörg Rinklebe was missing.

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Mo, Z., Shi, Q., Zeng, H. et al. Efficient removal of Cd(II) from aqueous environment by potassium permanganate-modified eucalyptus biochar. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 77–89 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02079-4

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