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Sb nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanotubes as freestanding anodes for high-performance lithium and potassium ion batteries

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Abstract

Sb-based materials with high specific capacity have targeted as an alternative anode material for alkali metal ion batteries. Herein, Sb nanoparticles embedded in hollow porous N-doped carbon nanotubes (Sb@N-C nanotubes) are used as freestanding anode for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and K-ion batteries (PIBs). The Sb@N-C nanotubes demonstrate exceptional reversible capacity of 643 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 A·g−1 with long cycle stability, as well as outstanding rate performance (219.6 mAh·g−1 at 10 A·g−1) in LIBs. As the anode material of PIBs, they reveal impressive capacity of 325.4 mAh·g−1 at 0.1 A·g−1. The superior electrochemical properties mainly originate from the novel structure. To be specific, the obtained 3D connected network allows for quick ion and electron migration, and prevents the aggregation of Sb nanoparticles. The hollow porous nanotubes can not only accommodate the volume expansion of Sb nanoparticles during cycling, but also facilitate the infiltration of the electrolyte and reduce the ion diffusion length. This work provides a new insight for designing advanced Sb-based anodes for alkali metal ion batteries.

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摘要

锑基材料因为具有较高的理论容量被认为是碱金属离子电池负极材料有希望的候选者。在此工作中, 我们制备了一种Sb纳米颗粒嵌入氮掺杂的中空多孔碳纳米管(Sb@N-C nanotubes)的自支撑材料, 并将其应用于锂离子电池(LIBs)和钾离子电池(PIBs)。用于LIBs时, Sb@N-C纳米管在 0.1 A·g−1的电流密度下循环250圈后, 保持643 mAh·g−1 的可逆比容量, 表现出优异的循环稳定性, 并表现出良好的倍率性能(电流密度为10 A·g−1时, 比容量为219.6 mAh·g−1)。作为PIBs的负极材料时, Sb@N-C纳米管在电流密度为0.1 A·g−1时展示出325.4 mAh·g−1可逆比容量。上述优异的电化学性能主要源于新颖的材料结构。具体来讲, 静电纺丝所制备的三维互联的纳米纤维有利于离子和电子的快速迁移, 并有效防止锑纳米粒子的团聚。中空多孔纳米管不仅可以缓解Sb纳米颗粒在循环过程中的体积膨胀, 提高材料循环稳定性; 还可以促进电解质的浸润, 并缩短离子扩散距离, 从而提高反应动力学。这项工作为设计碱金属离子电池的先进Sb基负极材料提供了新的见解。

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2019YFB2205005) and the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (No. 2020 J01050).

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  1. Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China

    Xiao-Ping Lin, Fang-Fang Xue, Zhi-Gang Zhang & Qiu-Hong Li

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Xiao-Ping Lin and Fang-Fang Xue contributed equally to this work.

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Lin, XP., Xue, FF., Zhang, ZG. et al. Sb nanoparticles encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanotubes as freestanding anodes for high-performance lithium and potassium ion batteries. Rare Met. 42, 449–458 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-022-02143-6

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