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Self-assembly of nanoparticles at solid–liquid interface for electrochemical capacitors

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Abstract

Self-assembly of nanoparticles at solid–liquid interface could be promising to realize the assembled functions for various applications, such as rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, and electrocatalysis. This review summarizes the self-assembly of the nanoparticles at solid–liquid interface according to the different driving forces of assembly, including hydrophilic–hydrophobic interactions, solvophobic and electrostatic interaction. To be specific, the self-assembly can be divided into the following two types: surfactant-assisted self-assembly and direct self-assembly of Janus particles (inorganic and amphiphilic copolymer-inorganic Janus nanoparticles). Using the emulsion stabilized by nanoparticles as the template, the self-assembly constructed by the interaction of the nanostructure unit (including metal, metal oxide, and semiconductor, etc.) not only possesses the characteristic of nanostructure unit, but also exhibits the excellent assembly performance in electrochemistry aspect. The application of these assemblies in the area of electrochemical capacitors is presented. Finally, the current research progress and perspectives toward the self-assembly of nanoparticles at stabilized solid–liquid interface are proposed.

Graphical abstract

摘要

固液界面处纳米颗粒的自组装有望实现在可充电电池、超级电容器和电催化等领域的组装 功能。这篇综述总结了纳米粒子在固-液界面上的自组装可根据驱动力的不同, 分为亲水-疏 水相互作用、疏溶作用和静电相互作用。具体而言, 自组装可以分为以下两种类型: 表面 活性剂辅助自组装和Janus 粒子(无机和两亲性共聚物-无机Janus 纳米粒子)直接自组装。以纳米颗粒稳定的乳液为模板, 由纳米结构单元(包括金属、金属氧化物或半导体等)相互作 用构建的自组装不仅具有纳米结构单元的特性, 而且在宏观电化学方面也表现出优异的组 装特性, 文章也介绍了这些组件在电化学电容器领域的应用。最后, 提出了在固液界面处 纳米颗粒自组装的研究进展和展望。

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [35]. Copyright 2007, Wiley. c Self-assembled mechanism of multilayered plasmonic superstructures; d, e scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of self-assembled Au plasmonic superstructures. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [36]. Copyright 2015, Wiley. f Self-assembly process of hierarchical ZnMn2O4 hollow microspheres; g SEM image of self-supporting ZnMn2O4 microspheres. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [37]. Copyright 2014, Elsevier Publishing Group

Fig. 4

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [38]. Copyright 2013, American Chemical Society

Fig. 5

Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. c Schematic illustration of formation mechanism of nanoscale colloidosomes: a key step is to form Janus bilayer on nanocrystal surfaces, where DTAB is dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, ODE is octadecene; d 2D HAADF-STEM projection image from tilt series of half-filled superstructures. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [68]. Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. e 3D self-assembly of Au@PS nanoparticles, where THF is tetrahydrofuran; f TEM image of Au@PS nanoparticles. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [69]. Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society

Fig. 6

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [74]. Copyright 2013, American Chemical Society. Bright-field TEM images of hybrid micelles formed from: b PS51k-b-P4VP17k(PDP)2.0; c PS110k-b-P4VP107k(PDP)1.0 encapsulated of nanorods (content of 27 vol%, diameter of 7 nm, and length of 29 nm), where nanorods were grafted with mixed PS brushes (PS2k:PS12k = 1:1). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [75]. Copyright 2013, American Chemical Society. d Morphologies and nanorod concentrations. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [76]. Copyright 2010, Elsevier

Fig. 7

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [87]. Copyright 2019, Wiley

Fig. 8

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [100]. Copyright 2017, Wiley

Fig. 9

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [107]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier

Fig. 10

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [113]. Copyright 2018, Wiley

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51772296, 5217020858, 51902016 and 21975015) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. buctrc201829 and buctrc201904).

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  1. Xue Li and Chen Chen contributed equally to this work.

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    Xue Li & Bao Wang

  2. State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China

    Chen Chen, Qian Niu, Nian-Wu Li & Le Yu

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  1. Xue Li
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Li, X., Chen, C., Niu, Q. et al. Self-assembly of nanoparticles at solid–liquid interface for electrochemical capacitors. Rare Met. 41, 3591–3611 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-022-02061-7

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