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High energy storage capability of perovskite relaxor ferroelectrics via hierarchical optimization

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Abstract

Ultrafast charge/discharge process and ultrahigh power density enable dielectrics essential components in modern electrical and electronic devices, especially in pulse power systems. However, in recent years, the energy storage performances of present dielectrics are increasingly unable to satisfy the growing demand for miniaturization and integration, which stimulates further researches on dielectrics with higher energy density and efficiency. Among various inorganic dielectrics, perovskite relaxor ferroelectrics are recognized as promising candidates for energy storage applications, with high permittivity and relatively high efficiency. Here, we focus on recent progress and achievements on optimizing perovskite relaxor ferroelectrics toward better energy storage capability through hierarchical design. The principles and key parameters of dielectric energy storage, together with the definition of majority types of dielectrics, are introduced at first. Strategies within various scales include domain, grain size, orientation, and composite engineering are summarized. The existing challenges are presented and future prospects are proposed in the end, with the background of both academic explorations and industrial applications.

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摘要

超快充电/放电速度和超高功率密度使电介质元件成为现代电子和电气设备中不可或缺的组件, 尤其是在脉冲应用等方面。在各种无机电介质中, 钙钛矿弛豫铁电体所具有的高介电常数和相对较高的效率使其在储能应用方面有广阔的前景。在这篇文章里, 我们收集并总结了通过分层设计优化钙钛矿弛豫铁电体以提高储能性能的最新进展和成就。首先介绍了电介质储能的原理和关键参数, 以及大多数电介质类型的定义。除此之外, 总结了各种尺度内的策略, 包括畴工程、晶粒尺寸、取向设计, 以及复合设计。最后, 在学术探索和工业应用的双重背景下, 提出了介电储能陶瓷所面临的挑战并提出了对未来的展望。

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Fig.1
Fig.2

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [41]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier B.V. Diagrams of orientation control. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [5]. Copyright 2020 Springer Nature. Diagram of core–shell. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [62]. Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig.3
Fig.4

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [34]. Copyright 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry. d Schematic diagram of strategy to simultaneously achieve high Wrec and η by driving Tm to RT so that small-sized PNRs can transform to large-sized PNRs and grain size decreased. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [33]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier B.V

Fig.5

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [22]. Copyright 2019, The American Association for the Advancement of Science

Fig.6

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [43]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier B.V. b Modeled breakdown path of different grain size: i 50 nm, ii 75 nm, iii 100 nm, and iv 125 nm. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [44]. Copyright 2018, The American Ceramic Society

Fig.7

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [45]. Copyright 2020, Wiley–VCH GmbH

Fig.8

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [41]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier B.V

Fig.9

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [52]. Copyright 2020, Wiley–VCH GmbH. b Schematic illustration of crystal structure of Ba6Ti17O40, <111>-oriented BaTiO3 plates, <111>-oriented SrTiO3 plates; c local displacements (along direction of applied electric field), local distribution of von Mises stresses and local elastic energy densities for <100>-, <110>- and <111>-oriented perovskite samples; d SEM image of fracture surface (cross section) of <111>-textured NBT-SBT MLCC; e unipolar P–E curves for both ceramics measured at 10 Hz; f Weibull distribution of breakdown electric field; g, h recoverable energy density and efficiency as a function of electric field calculated using P–E loops for nontextured and <111>-textured NBT-SBT multilayer ceramics. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [5]. Copyright 2020, Springer Nature

Fig.10

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [56]. Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry. c TEM images and EDS spectrum of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles-PZO thin films. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [71]. Copyright 2014, AIP Publishing. d P–E hysteresis loops for different architecture of capacitors. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [63]. Copyright 2021, Royal Society of Chemistry. e P–E hysteresis loops and various artificial structure design of PLZT thick films. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [72]. Copyright 2013, AIP Publishing

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51788104).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Min-Hao Zhang, Jun-Lei Qi, Yi-Qian Liu, Shun Lan, Zi-Xi Luo, Hao Pan & Yuan-Hua Lin

  2. Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore

    Hao Pan

  3. Innovation Team for New High Volumetric Efficient MLCC Materials and Devices, Foshan (Southern China) Institute for New Materials, Foshan, 528000, China

    Jun-Lei Qi

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  1. Min-Hao Zhang
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Zhang, MH., Qi, JL., Liu, YQ. et al. High energy storage capability of perovskite relaxor ferroelectrics via hierarchical optimization. Rare Met. 41, 730–744 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-021-01869-z

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