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Growing curly graphene layer boosts hard carbon with superior sodium-ion storage

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Abstract

Benefiting from the distinctive ordering degree and local microstructure characteristics, hard carbon (HC) is considered as the most promising anode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Unfortunately, the low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and limited reversible capacity severely impede its extensive application. Here, a homogeneous curly graphene (CG) layer with a micropore structure on HC is designed and executed by a simple chemical vapor deposition method (without catalysts). CG not only improves the electronic/ionic conductivity of the hard carbon but also effectively shields its surface defects, enhancing its ICE. In particular, due to the spontaneous curling structural characteristics of CG sheets (CGs), the micropores (≤ 2 nm) formed provide additional active sites, increasing its capacity. When used as a sodium-ion battery anode, the HC-CG composite anode displayed an outstanding reversible capacity of 358 mAh·g−1, superior ICE of 88.6%, remarkable rate performance of 145.8 mAh·g−1 at 5 A·g−1, and long cycling life after 1000 cycles with 88.6% at 1 A·g−1. This work provides a simple defect/microstructure turning strategy for hard carbon anodes and deepens the understanding of Na+ storage behavior in the plateau region, especially on the pore-filling mechanism by forming quasi-metallic clusters.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the financial support of this work by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52202302), National Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi (Nos. 2019JLZ-01 and 2022KXJ-146), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 3102019JC005), and the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities and ND Basic Research Funds (No. G2022WD).

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  1. Minghao Song and Qiang Song contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi’an, 710072, China

    Minghao Song, Qiang Song, Tao Zhang, Zhaowen Hu, Lei Dong, Ting Jin, Chao Shen & Keyu Xie

  2. Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China

    Xiaomei Huo

  3. Department of Applied Physics and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China

    Zezhou Lin & Ting Jin

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  1. Minghao Song
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Song, M., Song, Q., Zhang, T. et al. Growing curly graphene layer boosts hard carbon with superior sodium-ion storage. Nano Res. 16, 9299–9309 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-023-5539-8

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